Journal of Crop Production and Processing
نشریه تولید و فرآوری محصولات زراعی و باغی
Journal of Crop Production and Processing
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir
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2251-8517
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jalali
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2017
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تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف بر انبارمانی و کیفیت پس از برداشت قارچ دکمهای (Agaricus bisporus)
The Effect of Different Treatments on Storage life and Postharvest Quality of Button Mushroom (Agaricusbisporus)
عمومى
General
كاربردي
Applicable
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قارچها</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جهت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دارا</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بودن</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درصد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زیاد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساختار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اپیدرمی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نازک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">متخلخل،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ماندگاری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بسیار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کمتری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نسبت به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سایر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سبزیها</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دارند. هدف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از پژوهش حاضر،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دستیابی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ترکیب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کمپوست</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناسب و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شرایط بهینه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نگهداری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قارچ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دکمه­ای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بهمنظور</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">افزایش ماندگاری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بود</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">.</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> فاکتورهای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آزمایشی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شامل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دو</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دمای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نگهداری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">4</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">25</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درجه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سانتیگراد،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دو</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بسته­بندی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ظروف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شفاف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پوشیده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فویل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">چهار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع کمپوست (کلش گندم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کود</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرغی،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کلش گندم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کود</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اسبی،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کلش برنج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کود</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرغی،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کلش برنج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تفاله</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زیتون) بودند</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">.</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> صفاتی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مانند</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درصد کاهش وزن،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میزان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قهوه­ای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شدن،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درصد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ماده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشک،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فنول</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کل و فعالیت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آنتی­اکسیدانی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">7</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بعد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برداشت برای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نمونه­های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انبار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دمای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اتاق (25 درجه سانتیگراد)</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">25</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بعد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برداشت برای نمونه­های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انبار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یخچال (4 درجه سانتیگراد)</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ارزیابی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شدند. قارچهای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پرورشیافته</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کمپوست</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کلش برنج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تفاله</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زیتون،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بیشترین</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درصد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ماده خشک (62/11 درصد) را در دمای اتاق نشان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دادند. قارچهای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پرورشیافته</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کمپوست</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کلش برنج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تفاله</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زیتون،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بالاترین</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فعالیت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آنتی­اکسیدانی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">را در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دمای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یخچال</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و اتاق زمانی نشان دادند که در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ظرف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پوشیده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فویل نگهداری شدند. طبق</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نتایج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بهدست</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آمده،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کمپوست کلش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برنج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تفاله</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زیتون</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می­تواند</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بهعنوان کمپوست مناسب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جهت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">افزایش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ماندگاری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قارچ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دکمه­ای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معرفی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شود و نیازمند تحقیقات بیشتری است</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">.</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></strong><br>
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The storage life of mushrooms is less than the other vegetables due mainly to high water contents and a porous and thin epidermal structure. This research was aimed at obtaining a suitable compost combination and an optimal condition of maintenance for increase the storage life of button mushroom. The experimental factors consisted of two maintenance temperatures (4°C and 25°C), two types of packages (transparent and covered with foil) and four types of composts (wheat straw and chicken manure, wheat straw and horse manure, rice straw and chicken manure, rice straw and olive bagasse). Attributes such as percent of weight loss, browning area, percent of dry matter, total phenol and antioxidant capacity of stored samples were assessed 7 days after harvest in room temperature and 25 days after harvest in refrigerator temperature. Mushrooms grown in rice straw and olive bagasse compost had the highest dry matter (11.62%), when stored in room temperature. Mushrooms grown in rice straw and olive bagasse compost had the highest antioxidant capacity in both refrigerator and room temperatures when stored in the package covered with foil. According to our results, rice straw and olive bagasse compost is potent to increase the storage life of the button mushroom and merits further studies.<br>
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بستهبندی, درصد ماده خشک, فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی, کمپوست
Antioxidant capacity, Compost, Dry matter, Packaging
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http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2119-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Jamal-Ali
Olfati
جمالعلی
الفتی
jamalaliolfati@gmail.com