per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2012-12
2
5
1
12
article
Effect of Planting Pattern and Plant Density on Yield and Yield Components of Sunflower, Hisun-36 Hybrid
N. Poursakhi
n_poursakhy@yahoo.com
1
M. R. Khajehpour
2
Univ. Technol., Isfahan, Iran.
Univ. Technol., Isfahan, Iran.
This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology in 2006 to evaluate the effects of row spacing and plant distance on the row on yield and yield components of sunflower, Hisun-36 hybrid. A split plot layout was used with a randomized complete blocks design and three replications. Row spacing (60 and 75 cm) was the main plot and plant distance on the row (12, 14, 16, and 18 cm) was the sub-plot. Results revealed that number of seeds per head and 1000-kernel weight was increased as row spacing increased. But this increase was not significant. Seed yield per plant was significantly increased, as row spacing increased. Seed yield per unit area was significantly decreased as row spacing increased. Increase in row spacing also increased oil percentage. Oil yield per unit area was decreased, as row spacing increased. Number of seeds per head, 1000-kernel weight and seed yield per plant were significantly reduced as planting distance decreased. Seed yield per unit area was significantly reduced as planting distance decreased. Also, oil percentage was reduced as planting distance decreased. Oil yield per unit area was reduced, as planting distance decreased. The results obtained in this experiment indicate that the combination of 60 cm row spacing and 14 cm between plants (11.9 plants/m2) might be suitable for production of Hisun-36 hybrid under the conditions similar to this study.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1665-en.pdf
Sunflower
Row spacing
Plant distance
Yield components
Seed yield.
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2012-12
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13
27
article
Effect of Alternating Irrigation on Yield, Yield Components and Water Productivity in Direct Seeding of Rice in Kazerun Region
H. R. Miri
hrmiri@iaua.ac.ir
1
V. Niakan
2
A. R. Bagheri
3
Islamic Azad Univ., Arsonjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran.
Islamic Azad Univ., Arsonjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran.
Islamic Azad Univ., Eghlid Branch.
Rice is one of the high water consuming crops and it is important to utilize methods in its production to promote water use efficiency. In order to achieve this purpose, a split plot experiment was conducted in direct-seeding of rice in Kazerun region of Fars province, Iran, in 2007. Five irrigation treatments (full-season flooding, full-season alternating, flooding until tillering stage, flooding until stem elongation, and flooding until flowering) were arranged in main plots and subplots consisted of three rice cultivars (Fajr, Shafagh and native Champa). The results indicated that Fajr cultivar with 4538 kg/ha and Champa with 1734 kg/ha produced the highest and the lowest grain yield, respectively. Alternating irrigation caused reduction in plant height, biological yield and grain number and weight. Grain yield in alternating irrigation, flooding until tillering, flooding until stem elongation and flooding until flowering was reduced 30, 26, 26 and 4 percent, respectively, as compared to full-season flooding irrigation while, water use efficiency in these treatments was 92, 60, 0 and 22 percent higher than full-season flooding irrigation. In all alternating irrigation treatments water consumption was lower than flooding. Despite lower grain yields in these treatments, the water use efficiency was improved. The highest water use efficiency was observed in full-season alternating irrigation treatment. Therefore, according to the results, flooding irrigation until flowering or stem elongation could be considered for acceptable grain yield and water use productivity, instead of full-season flooding irrigation, in future researches.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1666-en.pdf
Direct seeding
Flooding irrigation
Alternating irrigation
Water consumption.
per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
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2012-12
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29
46
article
Manipulation of Morpho-Physiological Traits in Bread and Durum Wheat by Using Growth Regulators at Different Irrigation Regimes
H. Pirasteh-Anosheh
1
Y. Emam
yaemam@gmail.com
2
College of Agric., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran.
College of Agric., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran.
Plant growth regulators (PGRs), which are widely used in agriculture, have various effects on different morphological and physiological characteristics of wheat cultivars. To examine the effect of two PGRs [cycocel (CCC) and salicylic acid (SA)] on some morphological and physiological properties of bread (Roshan) and durum (Yavarous) wheat cultivars under different irrigation regimes [normal (as control), moderate drought and severe drought], a study was conducted at Research Farm and Greenhouse of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University during 2009-2010 growing season. Field and greenhouse studies were performed as a split plot based on randomized complete blocks design and completely randomized design, respectively. The results showed that drought stress decreased plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and peduncle length, while it increased canopy temperature (CT), SPAD unit, free proline and total soluble proteins. The highest and lowest effect of drought stress was observed in free proline (104% increase) and plant height (18% reduction), respectively. PGRs application increased LAI (9%), free proline (51%) and soluble proteins (57%) and decreased CT (14%) and SPAD unit (13%). SA increased plant height, while it was decreased under CCC application. Sensitivity of Roshan to drought stress and both PGRs was greater than Yavarous. Overall, the results indicated that although drought stress decreased plant growth in both wheat cultivars, but application of PGRs alleviated negative effects of drought stress on morpho-physiological characteristics.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1667-en.pdf
Cycocel
Salicylic acid
Chlorophyll
Canopy temperature
Drought stress.
per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2012-12
2
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47
59
article
Effects of Seed Priming on Growth, Chlorophyll Content, Relative Water Content and Dry Matter Distribution of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, cv. Gholdasht) under Salinity Stress
S. Zibai
1
A. Rahimi
rahimiasg@gmail.com
2
H. Dashti
3
, College of Agric., Vali-e-Asr Univ. of Rafsanjan, Refsanjan, Iran.
, College of Agric., Vali-e-Asr Univ. of Rafsanjan, Refsanjan, Iran.
, College of Agric., Vali-e-Asr Univ. of Rafsanjan, Refsanjan, Iran.
In order to evaluate the salinity and priming effects on vegetative growth and some physiological traits of safflower, cv. Goldasht, a factorial experiment, with completely randomized blocks design and 4 replications, was conducted in Research Greenhouse of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan in 2009. Treatments included seed priming at 4 levels (no prime as control, priming with distilled water, priming with NaCl and priming with 20 Mm Ca(NO3)2 for 24 hours) and salinity at 4 levels (0, 8, 16 and 24 dS/m). Results indicated that dry weight of aerial parts, root dry weight, stem length, leaf area and head dry weight were decreased with increasing salinity. Salinity affected significantly the dry matter partitioning. As in higher salinities, more dry matter was translocated to stem and head, which was accompanied with less dry matter translocation to roots and leaves. The root/shoot ratio was significantly decreased with increasing salinity due to higher dry matter translocation to stems. Though, higher salinities decreased significantly the root dry weight. At salinity level of 24 dS/m, this safflower cultivar translocated more dry matter to shoots as compared to roots and leaves. Comparison of means showed that chlorophyll content and Spad index were decreased at higher salinity levels. Leaf area and plant height were significantly reduced only at salinities higher than 16 dS/m. The results of this experiment showed that in general, the Goldasht cultivar of safflower could tolerate salinity stress up to 16 dS/m in the vegetative stage with prominent decrease in stem and root dry weight, which could be due to some resistance mechanisms to salinity. This result must be accurately evaluated in a field experiment.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1668-en.pdf
Spad index
Dry matter distribution
Seed pretreatment.
per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2012-12
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61
69
article
Study of Number of Nitrogen Fertigations on Improvement of Quantity and Quality of Thomson Navel Orange
H. Ebadi
hormozebadi@yahoo.com
1
B. Moradi
2
Faculty of Citrus Res. Inst., Ramsar, Iran.
Faculty of Citrus Res. Inst., Ramsar, Iran.
To compare the effects of various nitrogen (N) fertigation frequencies on yield and fruit quality of Thomson navel orange, a field study was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with five treatments and four replications during three years. Treatments included a subsoil N fertilizer placement (with drip irrigation) and four N fertigation frequencies (2, 4, 6 and 8 applications per growing season). Results of soil and leaf analysis were used to determine the annul amount of applied fertilizers. In subsoil placement treatment, urea was applied two times (second half of March and second half of May) and other fertilizers were applied only in March. In fertigation treatments, urea was applied by fertilizer tank in four frequencies, and other fertilizers were applied only in March. For all treatments, the amount and scheduling of irrigation was the same. The measured traits were total fruits weight (yield), single fruit weight, peel thickness, fruit diameter and length, acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) of the fruits. Analysis of the means showed that the yields of 6 and 8 fertigations were 5.6 to 32.1 percent more than the other treatments. But the yield of 8 applications per growing season differed significantly from 2 and 4 applications. Fruit weight and peel thickness of the treatments were not significantly different. Fruit diameter of 6-fertigation treatment was more than the other treatments, and had significant difference with 2-fertigation treatment. Significant difference between fruit juice quality of subsoil placement and fertigation treatments was not observed. But some differences were observed between fertigation treatments. In conclusion, for Thomson navel orange on the regions where similar to this research place, it can be suggested 6 applications of N fertigation.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1669-en.pdf
Citrus
Drip irrigation
Fruit yield
Mineral content
Nitrogen.
per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2012-12
2
5
71
83
article
Effect of Deficit Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on Yield and Yield Components of Two Safflower Cultivars
S. Mohammadi
1
S. A. Kazemeini
kazemin@.shirazu.ac.ir
2
R. Hamidi
3
College of Agric., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran.
College of Agric., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran.
College of Agric., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran.
In order to evaluate the effect of water deficit at different growth stages on yield and yield components of two cultivars of safflower, a study was conducted during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons at Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. The treatments were cultivar at two levels (Sina and Local Isfahan) as the main factor, irrigation regime at four levels (40, 60, 80 and 100% of field capacity (FC)) as sub factor and time of applying deficit irrigation at two levels (vegetative and reproductive stages) as sub-sub factor. The results showed that the highest and lowest seed yield was recorded for Sina (3085 kg/ha) and Local Isfahan (2757 kg/ha) cultivars, respectively. Applying deficit irrigation at reproductive stage caused a 14.3% increase in yield, irrespective of the cultivar. The highest and lowest seed yields were obtained by applying deficit irrigation at reproductive and vegetative stages, respectively. Based on the results, the optimum seed yield (5100 kg/ha) can be achieved by applying 80% FC deficit irrigation at reproductive growth stage of Sina cultivar. In general, the seed yield decreased with reducing irrigation water amount at any growth stage. This reduction was significant at vegetative and reproductive stages of Sina cultivar, from 100 to 80% FC and from 80 to 60% FC, respectively. For Local Isfahan cultivar, the reduction was significant at both growth stages, from 100 to 80% FC.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1670-en.pdf
Safflower
Irrigation regime
Vegetative and reproductive growth.
per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2012-12
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85
95
article
Effect of Planting Pattern on Yield and Fruit Quality of Two Varietiesof Melon (Cucumis melo L.) in Varamin
P. Jafari
1
A. H. Jalali
jalali51@ yahoo.com
2
Scientific Members of Agric. and Natur. Resour. Res. Center of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Scientific Members of Agric. and Natur. Resour. Res. Center of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
This study aimed at determining the most suitable spacing (plant and ridge) in the conventional melon cultivation in Varamin region in order to achieve higher yield and marketable fruits. The experiment was conducted as a strip split plot statistical design with three replications, in two years, at the Agricultural Research Center of Varamin, Iran. The main factor (vertical) included four plant spacing on rows (20, 40, 60, and 80 cm) which were applied randomly perpendicular to each block. The horizontal factor included two row distances (width of the ridge) of 1.5 and 3 m, which were implemented as strips across the blocks. The sub-factor included two varieties of melon (yellow melon of Eyvanekey and Khatoony of Mashhad). Two-year results from the statistical analysis of traits revealed that the studied cultivars had statistical differences in fruit yield and percentage of soluble solids of fruits. The Yellow Eyvanekey cultivar, with fruit yield of 38.7 ton/ha and 9.68% soluble solids, was superior to Khatoony cultivar. The highest fruit yield, percentage of soluble solids and average fruit weight for Eyvanekey cultivar was obtained in the planting pattern of 3×0.8 m. But for the Khatoony cultivar, the plant spacing could be reduced to 60 cm. Therefore, for this cultivar, the 3×0.6 m planting pattern is recommendable. In general, Eyvanekey cultivar was superior to Khatoony in terms of quantitative and qualitative traits related to fruit yield.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1671-en.pdf
Quantitative and qualitative traits
Fruit yield
Plant spacing
Total soluble solids.
per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2012-12
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97
108
article
Effect of Irrigation-Water Salinity on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Three Cultivars of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
M. Jafaraghaei
1
A. H. Jalali
jalali51@yahoo.com
2
To investigate the effect of different levels of salinity on yield of three cultivars of cotton, an experiment was performed for two years (2008-2009) as split plot, based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications, at Rudasht Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan Province, Iran. To prepare the salinity levels, mixtures of well water, Zayandehrud river water and drainage water were used. The main plots were different salinity levels (4, 7, 10 and 13 dS/m) and subplots were three cultivars of cotton (B557, Tabladila, and Delta Pine 16 (control)). The results showed that with increasing salinity level, the performance of all three cotton cultivars was decreased. The highest yield (4602 kg/ha) was related to the Delta Pine 16 cultivar, which was obtained at salinity level of 4 dS/m. With increasing the salinity level from 4 to 7, 10 and 13 dS/m, the percent reduction in water productivity index in Tabladila, Delta Pine 16 and B557 cultivars was (25.5, 63.7 and 175), (22.6, 58 and 189) and (26, 65.5 and 196), respectively. At all levels of salinity, water productivity index was highest in Tabladila cultivar (0.424, 0.338, 0.259 and 0.154 kg/m3 in salinities of 4, 7, 10 and 13 dS/m, respectively). In summary, the results showed that in salinity levels of 4 and 7 dS/m, the Delta Pine 16 cultivar is recommendable due to higher yield. But in salinity level of 10 dS/m, the Tabladila cultivar had significantly higher yield than the other two cultivars. From the viewpoint of resistance to salinity, the B557 cultivar couldn’t compete with Tabladila and Delta Pine 16 cultivars.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1672-en.pdf
Salinity stress
Cotton
Rudasht.
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2012-12
2
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109
130
article
Determination of the Best Intercropping Combination of Wheat and Rapeseed Based on Agronomic indices, Total Yield and Landuse Equivalent Ratio
J. Hamzei
j.hamzei@basu.ac.ir
1
M. Seyedi
2
In order to determine the best intercropping combination of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) based on total yield and landuse efficiency, an experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 growing season at Agricultural Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University. This experiment used randomized complete blocks design and three replications. Treatments included sole cropping of wheat (T), sole cropping of rapeseed (B), intercropping of two rows of rapeseed with one row of wheat (BB1), two rows of rapeseed and two rows of wheat (BB2), two rows of rapeseed and three rows of wheat (BB3), two rows of wheat and one row of rapeseed (TT1), two rows of wheat and two rows of rapeseed (TT2), and two rows of wheat and three rows of rapeseed (TT3). The results showed that plant height, number of spikes/m2, 1000-seed weight, and grain and biological yields for wheat were significantly affected by experimental treatments. By shifting planting pattern from sole cropping to intercropping, plant height and 1000-seed weight increased, but other traits decreased. Maximum and minimum values of wheat grain yield (545 g/m2 and 225 g/m2, respectively) were achieved at T and BB1 treatments, respectively. The effect of experimental treatments on all rapeseed traits was significant. Similar to wheat treatments, by shifting the planting pattern from sole cropping to intercropping, plant height and 1000-seed weight for rapeseed increased but other traits decreased. Maximum grain yield of rapeseed (398 g/m2) was revealed at B treatments. In general, based on the results, values of land equivalent ratio (LER) in all intercropping treatments was higher than unity and competition index (CI) was less than unity. The TT3 treatment had the least CI (0.05) and the highest value of LER (1.5). Therefore, the TT3 treatment was the most suitable intercropping combination of wheat and rapeseed.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1673-en.pdf
Agricultural system efficiency
Competition index.
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
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2012-12
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121
130
article
Determination of Wheat Yield Response Factor to Deficit Irrigation at Different Growth Stages
N. A. Ebrahimi Pak
nebrahimipak@yahoo.com
1
Soil and Water Res. Inst., Tehran, Iran.
This study was conducted to determine the yield response factor (Ky) of wheat with respect to deficit irrigation at different growth stages. The experiment was conducted in Shahrekord in three crop growing seasons using randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. Treatments consisted of five levels of deficit irrigation: E0 (full irrigation), E1 (85%), E2 (70%) and E3 (55%) of potential evapotranspiration of wheat and E4 (no irrigation), and were assigned to six growth stages: T1 (establishment), T2 (tillering), T3 (head development), T4 (flowering), T5 (milk ripeness) and T6 (maturity harvest). Potential evapotranspiration was measured using a lysimeter, which was in conditions (soil texture and structure and plant growth) similar to the field. After harvesting the plants, grain yield was measured and wheat yield response factor was calculated. Results of combined analysis of variance showed that grain yield was significantly affected by deficit irrigation at establishment, tillering, head development, flowering and milk ripeness stages. The highest and the lowest grain yields (6354 and 2203 kg/ha, respectively) were obtained in E0 and E4 treatments, respectively. Potential evapotranspiration of wheat was 641 mm in this area. Yield response factors (ky) were 0.55-0.76 in T1 growth stage, 0.58-0.97 in T2, 0.70-1.43 in T3, 0.75-1.45 in T4, 0.68-0.95 in T5 and 0.52-0.58 in T6. In general, in all plant growth stages, actual and relative yields decrease as relative evapotranspiration decreases.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1674-en.pdf
Evapotranspiration
Alvand wheat cultivar
Growth stages.
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2012-12
2
5
131
142
article
Effect of Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Pinto Bean under Irrigation– cutback Treatments
M. Roshdi
roshdi1349@yahoo.com
1
D. Boyaghchi
2
S. Rezadoust
3
Islamic Azad Univ., Khoy Branch, Iran.
Islamic Azad Univ., Khoy Branch, Iran.
Islamic Azad Univ., Khoy Branch, Iran.
To study the effect of micronutrients and irrigation cutback at different development stages on vegetative characteristics and yield of pinto bean (Talash cultivar), an experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station of Khoy in 2009. This experiment was performed as strip split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. Treatments included irrigation as the main factor at 3 levels (conventional irrigation (control), irrigation cutback at podding stage, irrigation cutback at seed-filling stage), and application of micronutrients (boron, zinc and manganese) as sub factor at 4 levels (soil treatment, one foliar application, two foliar applications, and control (no micronutrients application)). According to the results, irrigation levels had significant effects on height of the first branch above the ground, stem diameter, seed yield, biological yield and protein content of the seeds. By irrigation cutback at podding and seed-filling stages, the seed yield decreased from 2647 kg/ha to 1269 and 1920 kg/ha, respectively. Micronutrients treatments had also significant effects on number of branches per plant, height of the first branch above the ground, stem diameter, seed yield, biological yield and protein percent. The highest seed yield (2379 kg/ha) was in two foliar applications, which was 893 kg/ha more than control (no micronutrients application). The highest protien content (26.8%) belonged to irrigation at control level and two foliar applications of micronutrients. The general result of this research shows that due to high sensitivity of pinto bean to water deficiency, irrigation at conventional level with two foliar applications of micronutrients is recommendable to improve its growth.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1675-en.pdf
Growth traits
Micronutrients
Protein
Biological yield.
per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2012-12
2
5
143
152
article
Ni Induction Changes to Some Biochemical Traits and Protein Electrophoresis Pattern of Corronilla varia under Hydroponic Culture
F. Amini
f-amini@araku.ac.ir
1
M. Noori
2
M. Askari
3
M. Foroughi
4
J. Abbaspour
5
College of Sci., Arak Univ., Arak, Iran
College of Sci., Arak Univ., Arak, Iran
College of Sci., Arak Univ., Arak, Iran
College of Sci., Arak Univ., Arak, Iran
College of Sci., Arak Univ., Arak, Iran
Nickel (Ni) is an element which has been added recently to the list of necessary micronutrients for plants. But, as a heavy metal, especially at high concentrations, it causes oxidative stress in plants. Knowledge of physiological and biochemical responses of plants to Ni stress can help to understand the mechanisms of adaptability. The effects of Ni on chlorophyll content, proline, soluble proteins and protein electrophoresis pattern were investigated in 40 day-old Coronilla Varia plants grown in hydroponic condition in Hoagland solution that was treated with 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM NiCl2. After 24 and 72 hours, the chlorophyll content, proline, soluble proteins and protein electrophoresis pattern of leaves were measured. Results revealed that chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content of leaves declined progressively under Ni stress at both times. But this change was more sensible after 72 hours. A significant increase of proline content was detected in leaves after 24 and 72 hours exposure to Ni. In general, increase of proline content was more pronounced in shorter exposures to Ni, which could be due to the adaptation of plants to Ni stress in longer durations. The soluble protein content of leaves was reduced significantly with increasing Ni stress. Protein electrophoresis pattern was changed in Ni treatments at higher Ni concentrations, the 72 and 250 k Dalton bands disappeared and 95 and 130 k Dalton bands were appeared. The results of this research discuss the contradictory effects of Ni on accumulation of chlorophyll and protein content with respect to proline.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1676-en.pdf
Proline
Protein
Nickel stress
Chlorophyll.
per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
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2012-12
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153
161
article
Effect of Addition of Nutritional Supplements to Substrate on Yield and Protein Content of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotu florida)
M. Mahdavi Tikdari
1
S. Bolandnazar
2
A. Motallebi Azar
3
J. Panahandeh
4
., College of Agric., Tabriz Univ., Tabriz, Iran.
., College of Agric., Tabriz Univ., Tabriz, Iran.
., College of Agric., Tabriz Univ., Tabriz, Iran.
., College of Agric., Tabriz Univ., Tabriz, Iran.
In order to investigate the effect of addition of nutritional supplements to substrate on yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida(, an experiment was carried out as completely randomized design in three replicates in 2010 . In this study, three types of nutritional supplements including alfalfa meal, soybean meal and vermicompost, each at three levels (2.5, 5 and 7.5% of wet substrate), were added to wheat straw substrate, and were compared to control. Traits such as preliminary and total yield, biological efficiency, protein content and mineral phosphorus and potassium concentrations were determined. Results indicated that all traits were significantly affected by nutritional supplements (P<0.01). Preliminary and total yields, biological efficiency and protein content were highest in the substrate of nutritional supplements containing 7.5% vermicompost (831.19 g/kg wet substrate), 2.5% soybean meal (1231.4 g/kg wet substrate), 2.5% soybean meal (171.1%) and 7.5% soybean meal (23.14%), respectively. While, the highest concentrations of phosphorus and potassium were obtained in the substrates containing 5% vermicompost (5.86 mg/g dry matter) and 7.5% vermicompost (24.05 mg/g dry matter), respectively.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1677-en.pdf
Wheat straw
Biological efficiency
Phosphorus
Potassium.
per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
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2012-12
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163
173
article
Interaction of End-season Drought Stress and Organic Fertilizers on Yield of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
M. Namarvari
namarvar_i2009@yahoo.com
1
GH. Fathi
2
A. Bakhshandeh
3
M. H. Gharineh
4
S. Jafari
5
Ramin Univ. of Agric. and Natur. Resour., Ahvaz, Iran.
Ramin Univ. of Agric. and Natur. Resour., Ahvaz, Iran.
Ramin Univ. of Agric. and Natur. Resour., Ahvaz, Iran.
Ramin Univ. of Agric. and Natur. Resour., Ahvaz, Iran.
Ramin Univ. of Agric. and Natur. Resour., Ahvaz, Iran.
The effects of drought stress at different growth stages and nutrition systems were studied on yield and yield components of wheat (Chamran cv.). This experiment was carried out as split plot based on completely randomized blocks design with three replications at Research Farm of Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Khuzestan province, Iran, during 2009-2010. Irrigation at three levels of I1 (irrigation cut-back from spike formation stage to harvesting, 55 zadox), I2 (irrigation cut-back in anthesis stage to harvesting, 65 zadox) and I3 (full irrigation, control) were in main plots, and fertilizer systems including chemical fertilizer (NPK), manure (M), biological fertilizer (B) and manure + biological fertilizer (MB) were in sub-plots. Results showed that drought stress and nutrition systems had significant effect on grain yield and biological yield (P<0.01) and fertilizer system affected harvest index (P<0.05). Maximum grain yield (5304 kg/ha) was obtained in I3 treatment and minimum grain yield (3413 kg/ha) was in I1 treatment. In fertilizer treatments, maximum grain yield (5081 kg/ha) belonged to MB and minimum grain yield (3142 kg/ha) to B treatments. According to the results, application of manure plus biological fertilizer improves grain yield of wheat, even under drought stress.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1678-en.pdf
Nutrition systems
Biological fertilizer.
per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
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2012-12
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175
187
article
Optimization of Gene Transformation in Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Cultivars Using gus Reporter Gene
S. Dashti1
1
A. A. Habashi
ahabashi@abrii.ac.ir
2
H. Abdollahi
3
M. Chamani
4
M. Jafarkhani Kermani
5
Islamic Azad Univ., Sci. and Res. Branch, Tehran, Iran
Islamic Azad Univ., Sci. and Res. Branch, Tehran, Iran
Nowadays, genetic engineering methods are able to reduce the time of breeding programs for improvement of fruit trees, as well as offering a focused breeding system. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the factors that affect Agrobacterium tumefacience mediated transformation of two pear cultivars: Bartlett and Harrow Delight. Two explants (leaves and axillary shoot meristems) were inoculated with Agrobacterium strain EHA101 harboring the binary vector pBI121 carrying the nptII and gus genes. Factors that effected the regeneration and gus gene expression were bacterial density OD600 (0.2 and 0.6), acetosyringone concentration (100 µM and 250 µM), usage of pluronic F-68 (0% and 0.02%) and co-cultivation time (24, 72 and 120 hours). The results showed that transformation of Bartlett cultivar was more successful than Harrow Delight cultivar. Also, axillary shoot meristem was a good substitute for leaf explant. Results of the optimization of investigated factors showed that in both explants, low concentration of bacteria increased the rate of gene transformation. On the other hand, applying 250 µM acetosyringone could have positive effect on gene transformation in both explants. In this optimization process, pluronic F-68 was recognized as an effective surfactant. Regarding duration of co-cultivation, the shortest treatment (24 hours) showed the highest amount of gene transformation. Expression, presence and integration of transgenic plants were confirmed by histochemical GUS assay, polymerase chain reaction, dot blot and southern blot hybridization.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1679-en.pdf
Genetic engineering
Regeneration
Transgenic plants.
per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2012-12
2
5
189
200
article
Possible Reduction of the ٍٍEffect of Salinity on Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with Application of Salicylic Acid
D. Khoshbakht
davod.khoshbakht@gmail.com
1
A. A. Ramin
2
M. R. Baghbanha
3
College of Agric., Isf. Univ. Technol., Isfahan, Iran.
College of Agric., Isf. Univ. Technol., Isfahan, Iran.
College of Agric., Isf. Univ. Technol., Isfahan, Iran.
Salinity is the most important environmental stress that reduces plants growth and yield. It has been shown that salicylic acid, as an endogenous signal, is responsible for inducing stress tolerance in plants. In this experiment, the effect of salicylic acid and sodium chloride on growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was studied. When bean plants were at two-leaf stage, they were sprayed by three concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 0.5 and 1 mM). Then, plants were treated with two concentrations of sodium chloride (zero and 100 mM) for 14 days. The results showed that salinity caused a significant reduction in fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, relative chlorophyll content, percentage of relative water content (RWC) of leaf, stress index and significant increase in proline and soluble sugars as compared to the control treatment. Plants that were treated with both concentrations of salicylic acid showed higher fresh and dry weights. Also, application of salicylic acid in both concentrations, in saline conditions, improved the percentage of leaf RWC, amount of relative chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of leaves as compared to control plants. In summary, it was concluded that spraying of salicylic acid on bean plants could improve growth and thus resistance to salinity under saline conditions.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1680-en.pdf
Environmental stress
Proline
Relative chlorophyll content.