per
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2017-06
7
1
1
16
article
Evaluation of ion distribution in different tissues of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in salt tolerance
Vahid Atlassi Pak
V.atlassi@gmail.com
1
omid.bahmani@basu.ac.ir
2
Payame Noor University
Bu-Ali Sina University
An understanding of physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance is necessary for breeding programs, in order to select the desired trait in different wheat genotypes. Three bread wheat genotype differing in salt tolerance were employed to assess ion distribution and growth responses under saline conditions. To evaluate ion distribution in plant, sodium and potassium concentrations as well as K+/Na+ ratios in different tissues including root, leaf 3 blade, flag leaf sheath and flag leaf blade were assessed in a pot experiment in the glasshouse using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications . Four levels of NaCl (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) were imposed as the salinity treatments when the leaf 4 was fully expanded. Salinity had a similar effect on shoot biomass of all genotypes at 150 mM NaCl. Root biomass decreased in all genotypes with increasing salinity and this decrease was more in sensitive one (Tajan) at 150 mM NaCl. The genotypes did not differ significantly in root uptake of sodium. Sodium contents reduced from root to shoot and Salt tolerance in wheat genotypes was related to lower sodium accumulation in leaves. The major differences of salt tolerant genotypes (Arg and Mahdavi) and sensitive one in sodium transport to the younger leaf were due to the rate of transfer from the root to the shoot, which was much lower in Arg and the capacity of the leaf sheath to extract and sequester sodium as it entered the flag leaf blade in Mahdavi. Salt tolerant genotypes maintained higher K+/Na+ ratios in flag leaf blade than in salt sensitive one. Its likely that reduction in sodium transfer from the root to the shoot and leaf sheath sequestration specially in flag leaf are the traits that interact to control leaf blade sodium and would appear to be the most important mechanisms contributing to the improved salt tolerance in tolerant genotypes.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2402-en.pdf
Salt Stress
Wheat
K+/Na+ ratios
Sodium transport
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2017-06
7
1
17
29
article
Practicing quinclorac as a new herbicide for bulrush (Schoenoplectus maritimus L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) control in transplanted rice
Bijan Yaghoubi
Byaghoubi2002@yahoo.com
1
Hediyeh Tahghighi
2
Elmira mohammadvand
mohammadvand@guilan.ac.ir
3
Rice Research Institute of Iran
University of Guilan
University of Guilan
Field study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of new herbicide quinclorac to control barnyardgrass and bulrush, the most important weeds of paddy rice. Treatments consisted of rice cultivars (Hashemi and Khazar) and quinclorac rates (50, 100, 200 and 400% the recommended dose), recommended dose of butachlor and quinclorac, each alone and plus bensulfuronmethyl (BSM), weedy and hand weeded control. Results showed that bulrush control was variable, depending on rice cultivar and herbicide treatments. Neither butachlor nor quinclorac controlled bulrush effectively. Bulrush produced 47% more biomass in Khazar cultivar compared with Hashemi averaged over treatments. The most consistent bulrush and barnyardgrass control occurred with BSM + butachlor but quinclorac + BSM. Control of barnyardgrass with quinclorac varied from 48 to 100% depending on dose and time of evaluation with high efficacy early season and gradually decreased residual effect toward the end of the season. Butachlor and quinclorac responded similarly in barnyardgrass control in recommended dose. Visual evaluation showed no symptom of phytotoxicity on both rice cultivars in vegetative stage, but quinclorac caused irregular panicles with abnormal growth emerged from aboveground nodes in Hashemi cultivar. Treatments efficacy in weed control was reflected well in grain yield ranged from 21 to 97% compared with hand weeded control, the greatest in butachlor + BSM and the least in weedy check. Biological yield response to treatments was similar to grain yield. Harvest index was not affected by herbicide treatments in Hashemi, but decreased in Khazar except for quinclorac in 4 times the recommended dose, and butachlor + BSM. Overall quinclorac efficacy in barnyardgrass control was eligible, both inadequate in bulrush control and Khazar cultivar provided better ecological niche for bulrush invasion.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2344-en.pdf
Bensulfuronmethyl
Butachlor
Hashemi
Khazar
Weed Management
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2017-06
7
1
31
42
article
Effects of Ethephon and soybean oil on the time of flowering of two apricot varieties from Shahrood, Iran
Asieh Dehnavi
asieh142@gmail.com
1
Mehdi Rezaei
mhrezaei@shahroodut.ac.ir
2
Hossien Hokmanadi
Hokmabadi@pri.ir
3
Hassan Ghorbani
4
Horticulture Science Department, Shahrood University of Technology
Horticulture Science Department, Shahrood University of Technology
Horticulture Science Department, Shahrood University of Technology
Early flowering in apricot trees is leading to the spring frost. Delay of flowering is one of approaches to prevent spring frost damage. Hence, a factorial experiment on the base of RCBD was conducted in agriculture faculty, Shahrood University at 2014-15 years. The effect of spraying with soybean oil (10 and 15 percent) and ethephon (100 and 200 mg/l) and combination of soybean oil (15 percent) and ethephon (200 mg/l) was evaluated on an early-flowering variety, Rajab Ali, and a late flowering variety, Khiveai. The results showed that soybean oil treatment delay flowering time only one day in compare to the control. Rajab Ali variety showed respectively eight and nine day delaying in beginning of flowering and full bloom when spraying with 15% soybean oil and 200 mg/l ethephon. However, the maximum delay in the beginning of flowering and full bloom in the Khiveai was respectively four and five day at 100 and 200 mg/l of ethephon. The pre-blossom frost damage on untreated trees was significantly higher in compare to trees treated with ethephon. The primary and secondary fruit set was a significant increase in the ethephon and soybean oil application. The result showed that delay of flowering in ethephon treatment in early flowering varity, RjabAli, more than late flowering, Khiveai.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2486-en.pdf
Apricot
Delay Flowering
Ethephon
Frost
Fruit Set Percent
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2017-06
7
1
43
54
article
Effect of pectin edible coating enriched with essential oils of citrus on strawberry quality during refrigerated storage and shelf life
Soma Abdi
1
Zeynab Roein
z_roein@yahoo.com
2
Javad Erfanimoghadam
3
Somayeh Aziznia
4
Ilam University
Ilam University
Ilam University
Ilam University
Postharvest life of strawberry fruit is very short due to humidity and high metabolic activity. In order to extend the shelf life and quality of strawberry (cv. parous), effects of pectin coating enriched with different concentrations of lemon and orange peel essential oil were assessed at 20˚C for 6 days or 5˚C to 12 days. The experiment conducted based on a complete randomized design (CDR) in 3 replications with 6 treatments including control (distilled water), pectin (1%), pectin enriched with orange peel essential oil (0.5 and 1%) and pectin containing lemon peel essential oil (0.5 and 1%). Fruit quality was evaluated by marketing, weight loss, anthocyanin content, ascorbic acid content, total protein and chlorophyll of calyx every 3 days. Based on results coating fruits with citrus essential oil carried by pectin delayed the change in weight loss, total protein, anthocyanin content, maintained ascorbic acid content of fruits and also reduced chlorophyll destruction of calyx. The results showed that pectin coating containing lemon essential oil had a significant effect on the maintaining the visual quality of the fruit during the storage, delayed the weight loss and showed better results compared to the other coatings and to the control fruit. In addition, the maximum content of ascorbic acid and anthocyanin were obtained for strawberries coated with pectin containing lemon essential oil 1% after 12 days storage of fruits at 5˚C. All coatings significantly reduced weight loss of fresh strawberries during storage at 5˚C and 20˚C compared to the uncoated fruits. Results indicated that adding high concentrations (1%) of orange peel essential oil into pectin coatings did not improve quality of fruits. In addition, it was found that adding orange peel essential oil to pectin coating accelerate decay of fruits. Based on results, pectin coating containing 1% lemon essential oil considered an appropriate treatment to improve shelf life and storage quality of strawberry (cv. parous). However, further studies are necessary in order to minimize the sensory impact of citrus essential oils on fruits.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2502-en.pdf
Lemon Oil
Orange Oil
Strawberry
Temperature
Weight Loss
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2017-06
7
1
55
71
article
The Effect of Organic and Bio Fertilizers on Maize (Zea mays), and HydroMax Adjuvants Application on Optimizing of Nicosulfuron Herbicide Efficacy
ebrahim Mamnoie
emamnoie@gmail.com
1
ebrahim Izadi-Darbandi
emamnoie@yahoo.com
2
mahdi Rastgoo
mrastgo@um.ac.ir
3
mohamad ali Baghestani
baghestani40@hotmail.com
4
mohamad Hasanzade4
hassanzadeh_mk@yahoo.com
5
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
, Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute
Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences- Iran
In order to study the effect of adjuvant on nicosulfuron herbicide efficacy improvement in maize weed control under organic fertilizers application, field study was conducted during 2013- 2014 at research field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement of treatments with 16 treatments and three replications. Factors in this experiment were application of organic fertilizers (cow manure and vermicompost) and bio fertilizer mycorrhiza, and a plot without fertilizer as control, nicosulfuron dose at 40, and 80 g a.i ha-1 (Cruz®,4% SC) with and without the adjuvant of HydroMax™. Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L) were the dominant weeds in the experimental fields. Black nightshade and common purslane had the highest relative density 20 and 45 days after spraying (DAS). Results showed that application of hydromax adjuvant increased herbicide efficiency, significantly. However dry weight of common purslane, black nightshade and redroot pigweed decreased 84, 71, 86 and 71, 79, 100 %, when nicosulfuron applied at reduced dose (40 g a.i. ha-1) with adjuvant 20 and 45 DAS, respectively. On the other hand, seed yield and dry weight of maize increased 49 and 60 % respectively, when nicosulfuron applied at 40 g a.i. ha-1 with Hydromax pulse cow manure.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2530-en.pdf
adjuvants
cow manure
herbicide
reduced dose
vermicompost
weed
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2017-06
7
1
73
85
article
Isolation and determination of mutated characteristics of the result of irridation by UV ray in white button mushroom (Agaricusbisporus).
Alireza Motallebiazar
1
Farzad Rasouli
farrasoli@gmail.com
2
Mohammadali Aazami
3
Abstract:
The white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is one of the most widely cultivated edible mushroom species in the world. Despite the long term cultivation and its economic importance, the breeding efforts in the this species have been limited. The main reason is typical life cycle that restricte cross ability between single spores of different strains. So variability in Agaricus bisporus populations is very low and the most of available strains in the markets are quite homogenous. One of the routine ways to induce the variability is using mutagens like UV irradiation. So, in the present study we used three methods for mutagenesis induction. In the first method, the fragments of mycelium were treated with UV irradiation for 8 exposure times (0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). In the second method, spore suspension was exposed to UV irradiation for 6 exposure times (0, 60, 90, 120,180 and 240 minutes). Then 1 ml of sterile spore suspension immediately were exposed to UV radiation for 6 times (0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 minutes). The UV lamp (10-W) placed about 10 cm above the samples. Spawn running time acquisition, pin production rate and harvest, fruit body number, fruit body size, fruit body yield, biological efficiency, dry weight, ash percent and protein content were evaluated. Considering the fact that our main idea in this research was to inducing variability in A. bisporus, the overall results showed that all the methods were promising. This study revealed that mutagenesis induction by UV could be useful and quick way to induce diversity in A. bisporus. Also the UV could be low cost efficient method in the breeding program of this nutrition mushroom.
Keywords: Agaricus bisporus, biological efficiency, irradiation, mutagenesis, mycelium, spawn.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2528-en.pdf
Agaricus bisporus
irradiation
mutagenesis
mycelium
spawn
biological efficiency
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2017-06
7
1
87
99
article
The effect of the nitrogen and plant density on Photosynthetic capacity, yield components and yield of corn cultivar ‘Mv500’ in summer planting
Iraj Tahmasebi
irajtahmasebi@yahoo.com
1
Narges Dolatmand Shahri
nargesdolatmand@yahoo.com
2
Kurdistan University
Kurdistan University
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on the capacity of photosynthesis (leaf area index, the number of leaves and the chlorophyll contents), yield components and yield of maize. The experiment laid out as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2011 summer planting at research station of Kurdistan University. Nitrogen fertilizer on three levels (115, 184 and 253 kg ha-1) assigned to main plots and plant density on four levels (8, 10, 12 and 14 plants m-2) to subplots. Results showed that Increasing the nitrogen fertilizer and plant density did not affect the number of leaves, but increased leaf area and the content of the chlorophyll. Thus, Biological yield, yield components and seed yield was consequently increased. The highest grain yield (6927 kg ha-1) was obtained from 184 kg ha-1 nitrogen and 12 plants m-2. Increasing the nitrogen and plant density more than mentioned amounts did not increase the seed yield significantly. therefore, more nitrogen and plant density in trail location and other locations with similar conditions is not recommended in order to save production costs and avoid environmental pollutions.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2543-en.pdf
Biological yield
Chlorophyll
Harvest index
Leaf area index
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2017-06
7
1
101
113
article
Effects of salt stress and mycorrhiza fungi on morpho-physiological characteristics of sweet corn
seyed Abdolreza kazemeini
kazemeini22@gamil.com
1
Asiyeh Dehghani
asiyeh.dehghani@yahoo.com
2
Mehdi i zarei
mehdeizarei@shirazu.ac.ir
3
Mozhgan Alinia
mozhgan.alinia@gmail.com
4
Shiraz University
Shiraz University
Shiraz University
Shiraz University
In order to investigate the interaction of mycorrhizal fungi and salinity on growth and physiological characteristics of sweet corn, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, in 2014. The experimental design was factorial based on Completely Randomized Design in three replications. Treatments included salinity at four levels (0.4 (control), 4, 7, 10 dS m-1), and the fungi at three levels (no fungi (control), Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices). Results indicated that at flowering stage, with increasing salinity levels, leaf chlorophyll a, b and a+b content and carotenoid decreased at a rate of 18.9, 52.4, 33.1, and 34.5 respectively. Application of mycorrhiza under salinity, partially offset the negative impacts and increased tolerance of maize to NaCl by enhancing SOD and CAT activities, chlorophyll contents, carotenoid and K concentrations in leaves, plant height, leaf area, and total dry weight at flowering stage significantly, compared to control. The Na/K ratio at salinity level of 10 dS m-1 in treatments inoculated with GIN and GM fungi decreased by 39.69 and 40.45 percentage, respectively. Increases plant height, leaf area, total dry weight, concentrations of chlorophyll a, b, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid and K, the activity of antioxidant enzymes compared with the control. Moreover, GIN type fungi had a greater advantage over GM and reduced the negative effects of salinity. Results indicated that application of mycorrhiza alleviated the adverse effect of salinity stress and improve the sweet corn dry weight up to 38 percentage at salinity level of 10 dS m-1.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2255-en.pdf
Antioxidant enzymes
Carotenoid
Sodium /Potassium ratio
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2017-06
7
1
115
125
article
Direct and indirect selection responses for seed yield and its components in
rasoul dehghan
1
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi
2
ghodratallah saeidi
3
Isfahan University of Technology
Isfahan University of Technology
Isfahan University of Technology
Breeding based on selection indices is an effective method for improving complex traits such as yield. To assess the efficiency of different selection method, 83 exotic along with 17 Iranian safflower genotypes were evaluated at the research farm of Isfahan University of Technology using 10×10 simple lattice design with three replications in 2011. In this study, the selection indices of Smith-Hazel and Pesek-Baker were determined based on the number of capitulum per plant, number of seeds per capitulum and 1000-seed weight. Also response to selection and relative selection efficiency were estimated for traits under study and seed yield. The highest estimated selection efficiency for genetic improvement of seed yield was obtained via selection for number of capitulum per plant. Therefore, this trait can be used as an appropriate selection criterion for improvement of seed yield. The results showed that seed yield was highly correlated with each of these indices and the estimated efficiency of indirect selection via these indices was relatively high. Thus, it seems that these selection indices can be effectively used for seed yield improvement. Results of present study showed that the efficiency of Smith-Hazel indices for simultaneous improvement of number of capitulum per plant, number of seeds per capitulum and 1000-seed weight was higher than that of Pesek-Baker index.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2076-en.pdf
Response to selection
Smith-Hazel index
Pesek-Baker index
Safflower
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Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2017-06
7
1
127
139
article
Effect of salicylic acid and brassinosteroid on alleviation of water stress in two wheat cultivars
Yahya Emam
yaemam@shirazu.ac.ir
1
Maryam Jahani Doghezloo
mim.jahani@gmail.com
2
Shiraz University
Shiraz University
Drought is one of the most important factors limiting crops growth and production and use of plant growth regulators to cope with water stress is of interest to many researchers. In order to study the effects of two plant growth regulators, brassinosteroid (BR) and salicylic acid (SA) on germination and growth of two wheat cultivars in water deficit conditions, a greenhouse experiment was designed and carried out at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in 2014. The experiment was factorial based on randomized complete block design, with four replications. Treatments composed of two wheat cultivars (Shiraz and Sirvan), two moisture regimes (50 and100% FC) and growth regulators (BR and SA). In this experiment water stress significantly increased greenness Index (50.58%) and significantly reduced relative water content (10.24%), spike dry weight (17.22%), one hundred seed weight (14.14%), shoot dry weight (8.74%) and seed weight per plant (19.21%). However, plant spray with 25 and 50 µg.L-1 BR and 1mM SA could offset some of the adverse effects of water stress. Furthermore seed priming with BR increased the percentage and rate of seed emergence. Sirvan as a tolerant cultivar for all of the measured traits was shown to be superior to Shiraz, as a sensitive cultivar.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2351-en.pdf
Emergence Percentage
Emergence Rate
Greenness Index
Relative Water Content