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ارزیابی کمی و کیفی ارقام گندم نان (.Triticum aestivum L) بهاره در تاریخ کاشت‌های مختلف Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Spring Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Different Planting Dates 1 1 به‌منظور ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارقام گندم نان بهاره تحت تاریخ کاشت‌های مختلف، آزمایشی در طی دو سال زراعی (1401-1399) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گنبد، استان گلستان، به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. هفت تاریخ کاشت (10 آبان، 20 آبان، 30 آبان، 10 آذر، 20 آذر، 30 آذر و 10 دی ماه) در کرت‌های اصلی و چهار ژنوتیپ گندم نان (آراز، آرمان، تکتاز و لاین N-93-9) در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که تأخیر در کاشت منجر به کاهش معنی‌دار طول مراحل فنولوژیکی و دوره پر شدن دانه شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کاشت‌ 20 آبان (5813 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به¬دست آمد که با عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کاشت‌های 30 آبان (5788 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و 10 آذر (5641 کیلوگرم در هکتار) تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. در اکثر صفات زراعی، تاریخ کاشت‌های انتهایی (30 آذر و 10 دی) به طور معنی‌داری مقادیر کمتری نسبت به تاریخ کاشت‌های 20 آبان، 30 آبان و 10 آذر داشتند. مقایسه میانگین اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت×رقم نشان داد که رقم آرمان در تاریخ-های کاشت 20 و 30 آبان، رقم آراز در تاریخ کاشت‌های 20 آبان، 30 آبان و 10 آذر و رقم تکتاز در تاریخ کاشت 30 آبان بیشترین عملکرد دانه را داشتند. در سه تاریخ کاشت‌ پایانی (20 آذر، 30 آذر و 10 دی)، عملکرد دانه ارقام تکتاز و آراز بیشتر از سایر لاین‌ها بود. نتایج بررسی صفات مرتبط با کیفیت نانوایی نشان داد که دو تاریخ کاشت‌ انتهایی (30 آذر و 10 دی) از نظر محتوای پروتئین و گلوتن مرطوب مقادیر بالاتری نسبت به دو تاریخ کاشت‌ ابتدایی (10 آبان و 20 آبان) داشتند. رقم تکتاز با داشتن بیشترین محتوای پروتئین و گلوتن مرطوب، بالاترین کیفیت نانوایی را داشت. 2 In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative performance of spring bread wheat cultivars under different planting dates, an experiment was conducted in Gonbad Agricultural Research Station, Gonbad, Golestan province, Iran, during two cropping seasons (2020-2022) as split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Seven planting dates (1 November, 11 November, 21 November, 1 December, 11 December, 21 December and 31 December) were placed in main plots and four bread wheat genotypes (Araz, Arman, Taktaz and N-93-9) were placed in subplots. The delayed planting led to a significant decrease in the length of the phenological stages and the grain filling period. The highest grain yield was obtained from the planting at 11 November (5813 kg ha-1), which was not significantly different from grain yield in 21 November (5788 kg ha-1) and 31 November (5641 kg ha-1) planting dates. In most of the agronomic traits, the delayed planting dates (21 December and 31 December) had significantly lower values than planting in 11 November, 21 November and 1 December. Mean comparison for interaction effect of planting date×cultivar showed that planting Arman cultivar in 11 November, Araz cultivar in 11 November, 21 November and 1 December, Arman cultivar in the 21 November and Taktaz cultivar in the 21 November led to the highest grain yield. In the three delayed planting dates (11 December, 21 December and 31 December), the grain yield of Taktaz and Araz cultivars was higher than other genotypes. Mean comparisons on the traits related to bread-making quality showed that the two delayed planting dates (21 December and 31 December) had higher values in terms of protein and wet gluten content, compared to the two early planting dates (1 November and 11 November). Taktaz cultivar had the highest bread-making quality, particularly because it indicated the highest protein and wet gluten content. 1 16 2023/01/18 1401/10/28 2023/04/29 1402/2/9 سعید باقری کیا S. Bagherikia بخش تحقیقات زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،گرگان، ایران. ایران s.bagherikia@gmail.com فرامرز سیدی F. Sayyedi بخش تحقیقات زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،گرگان، ایران. ایران fsayyedi@yahoo.com حبیب اله سوقی H. Soughi بخش تحقیقات زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،گرگان، ایران. ایران hab3asog@gmail.com منوچهر خدارحمی Manoochehr Khodarahmi بخش تحقیقات غلات مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. ایران khodarahmi_m@yahoo.com فریبا نقی پور F. Naghipour بخش تحقیقات غلات مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. ایران faribanaghipour@yahoo.com مهدی نظری M. 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اثر مقادیر مختلف نیتروژن و روی بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و محتوای پروتئین دانه گندم در شرایط تنش گرمای انتهای فصل رشد The Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Amount on Physiological Properties, Yield and Protein Content of Wheat Grain under Terminal Heat Stress Condition 1 1 تنش گرما در طول دوره پر شدن دانه می¬تواند به کاهش عملکرد دانه گندم منجر شود. بر این اساس، به¬منظور بررسی اثر احتمالی مصرف کود نیتروژن و روی بر کاهش اثرات تنش گرما بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و محتوای پروتئین دانه گندم رقم چمران، آزمایشی در مزرعه آموزشی و پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان در پاییز سال زراعی 98-1397 به¬صورت کرت‌های دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل سه تاریخ کاشت اول آذر، بیستم آذر و دهم دی در کرت¬های اصلی، چهار مقدار نیتروژن (صفر، 75، 150 و 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن خالص از منبع اوره) در کرت‌های فرعی و سه مقدار روی (صفر، 10 و 20 کیلوگرم در هکتار روی از منبع سولفات روی) در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تأخیر در کاشت (از اول آذر)، منجر به کاهش معنی¬دار (P≤0.01) پروتئین دانه، شاخص سبزینگی برگ، شاخص پایداری غشای سلول، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت شد. مصرف نیتروژن باعث کاهش اثرات تنش گرما بر عملکرد دانه گندم شد به¬طوری که با مصرف 75، 150 و 225 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در کشت بیستم آذر و دهم دی، عملکرد دانه گندم به¬ترتیب 43، 59 و 64، 50، 70 و 55 درصد در مقایسه عدم استفاده از کود نیتروژن بهبود یافت. همچنین مصرف روی باعث کاهش اثرات تنش گرما بر عملکرد دانه گندم شد به¬طوری که با مصرف 10 و20 کیلوگرم روی در هکتار در کشت دیرهنگام و خیلی دیر هنگام، عملکرد دانه گندم به¬ترتیب 5، ،6، 35  و 40 درصد در مقایسه عدم استفاده از کود روی بهبود یافت. مصرف روی نیز اثرات تنش گرما بر عملکرد دانه گندم را از طریق افزایش وزن دانه کاهش داد و باعث افزایش وزن دانه به میزان 24 درصد شد. شاخص برداشت گندم تحت تأثیر تنش گرما حدود 18 درصد کاهش یافت. به‌طورکلی، در صورت تاخیر در کاشت، استفاده از عناصر غذایی روی (حداقل به میزان 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و نیتروژن (حداقل به میزان 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) می‌تواند اثرات زیانبار ناشی از تنش گرمای انتهای فصل را در شرایط آب و هوای اهواز کاهش داده و موجب بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیک (سبزینگی و پایداری غشای سلول)، زراعی و محتوای پروتئین دانه گندم نان شود.   2 Heat stress during grain filling period can lead to the reduction of grain yield of wheat. Therefore, in order to evaluate the probable mitigative effect of nitrogen and zinc application of heat stress on physiological properties, grain yield and protein content of wheat (Chamran cultivar), a split-split plot experiment based on RCBD in four replications was carried out in an experimental field of Khuzestan Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran during autumn of 2018-19 growing season. Experimental factors were three planting date (22 November, 11 December and 31 December) as main plot, four nitrogen levels (0 as a control, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1 N from urea 46%) as subplot and zinc levels (0 as a control, 10 and 20 kg ha-1 from zinc sulfate) in subplots. The results showed that the delay in planting significantly (P≤0.01) reduced grain protein, leaf chlorophyll index, cell membrane stability index, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index. Nitrogen application reduced the effects of heat stress on wheat grain yield so that by consuming 75, 150 and 225 kg N ha-1 in cultivation, wheat grain yield was improved by 43%, 59% and 64% for 11 December cultivation date and 50%, 70% and 55% for 31 December cultivation date, respectively, compared to control fertilizer. Zinc application also reduced the effects of heat stress on wheat grain yield, where at late and very late cultivation dates, with the application of 10 and 20 kg ha-1 zinc, wheat grain yield was improved by 5%, 6%, 35% and 40%, respectively. Consumption of zinc also reduced the effects of heat stress on wheat grain yield by increasing grain weight and caused a 24% increase in grain weight. Wheat harvest index decreased by about 18% due to heat stress. Meanwhile, application of nitrogen and zinc at 150 and 10 kg ha-1, respectively, showed the greatest effect in reducing the adverse effects of terminal heat stress on the agronomical and physiological properties of wheat. In general, in case of delayed cultivation, the use of zinc (at least 10 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (at least 150 kg ha-1) can reduce the harmful effects of terminal heat stress in Ahvaz climate and improve physiological (chlorophyll content and cell membrane stability), agronomic and protein content of bread wheat.   17 32 2023/01/182022/12/27 1401/10/6 2023/04/292023/05/9 1402/2/19 سید نادر موسویان S. N. Mosavian گروه علمی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. ایران Mosavian@pnu.ac.ir حمداله اسکندری H. Eskandari گروه علمی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. ایران ehamdollah@gmail.com کامیار کاظمی K. Kazemi گروه علمی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. ایران Kamyar.kazemi@pnu.ac.ir Cultivation date Grain protein Grain yield Micro elements تاریخ کاشت پروتئین دانه عملکرد دانه عناصر کم مصرف 1. Abbasi, N., J. Cheraghi and S. Hajinia. 2019. Effect of micronutrients of iron and zinc in nano and chemical foliar on on physiological characteristics and grain yield of two bread wheat cultivars. Scientific Journal of Crop Physiology. 43: 85-104. (In Farsi).##2. Abdoli, M., A. Esfandiari, S. B. Mousavi, B. Sadeghzadeh and M. Saeidi. 2016. The effect of seed zinc internal content and foliar application of zinc sulfate on yield and storage compositions of wheat grain. Scientific Journal of Crop Physiology. 28: 91-106. (In Farsi). ##3. Abdul Kareem, H., M. Hassan, M. Zain, A. Irshad, N. Shakoor, S. Saleem, J. Niu, M. Skalicky, Z. Chen, Z. Guo and Q. Wang. 2022. Nanosized zinc oxide (n-ZnO) particles pretreatment to alfalfa seedlings alleviate heat-induced morpho-physiological and ultrastructural damages. Environmental Pollution 303: 119069.##4. Abedi, T., A. S Alemzadeh and S. A. Kazemeini. 2011. Wheat yield and grain protein response to nitrogen amount and timing. Australian Journal of Crop Science 5: 330-336##5. Asadalahzadeh, R., A. Hatami and A. Naderi. 2019. Effect of heat tension and water restriction on yield and yield components of wheat cultivars. Scientific Journal of Crop Physiology 43: 119-138. (In Farsi).##6. Asakereh, S. and S. Lak. 2017. Evaluation of the effect of planting date on the components of wheat cultivars production in hot and cold climate. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 47: 551-564. (In Farsi).##7. Bakhshandeh, A. M., A. Hamdi Shangari, M. H. Gharineh and G. Fathi. 2016. Effect of late sowing date and nitrogen levels on seed yield, morphological characteristics and Chlorophyll index of Canola (Brassica nupus. L) in Ahvaz climatic condition. Journal of Plant Production Science 6: 69-75. (In Farsi).##8. Cakmak, I. and H. Marschner. 2010. Enhanced superoxide radical production in root of zinc deficient plants. Journal of Experimental Botany. 39: 1449-1460.##9. Donald, L. 2016. Advances in Agronomy Sparks. Academic Press Language Pages, New York.##10. Farroq, M., H. Bramley, J. A. Palta and K. H. M. Siddique. 2011. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grain filling phases. Critcal Reviews in Plant Sciences 30: 491-507.##11. Fernie, E., D. K. Y. Tan, S. Y. Liu, N. Ullah and A. Khoddami. 2022. Post-anthesis heat Influences grain yield, physical and nutritional quality in wheat: A Review. Agriculture 12: 886. ##12. Gholami, A., A. R. Jafarinezhad, M. Attar and G. A. Sayyad. 2011. Studying the changes in the concentration of iron and zinc elements in wheat cultivated soils in the north of Khuzestan province. In: Proceeding of the 12th Congress of Soil Sciences of Iran. Tabriz, Iran.##13. Han, W., L. Huang and O. Owojori. 2019. Foliar application of zinc alleviates the heat stress of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition 43: 194-213.##14. Hansch, R. and R. R. Mendel. 2009. Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, B, Cl). Current Opinion in Plant Biology 12: 259-266.##15. Kamaei, E. and H. R. Eisvand. 2020. Effect of foliar application of iron, zinc and manganese on physiological, agronomic and protein properties of wheat under stress the heat of the end of the season. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 13: 285-295. (In Farsi).##16. Khayat, S. H., M. Mojadam and M. Alavi Fazel. 2014. Effect of nitrogen rates on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of durum wheat genotypes in Khouzestan. Scientific Journal of Crop Physiology 21: 103-113. (In Farsi).##17. Kumar, R., S. Goswami, S. K. Sharma, K. Singh, K. A. Gadpayle and N. Kumar. 2012. Protection against heat stress in wheat involves change in cell membrane stability, antioxidant enzyme, osmolyte, H2O2 and transcript of heat shock protein. International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 4: 83-91.##18. Kutlu, I. and M. Olgun. 2015. Determination of genetic parameters for yield components in bread wheat. International Journal of Biosciences. 12: 61-70.##19. Lotali Ayeneh, G. A., Y. Khajezadeh, G. R. Jamsi, N. Lovaimi, S. Absalan, E. Javaheri, S. H. Mousavi Fazl, S. T. Dadrezaie, I. Lakzadeh, A. A. Rahnama, M. Ghoosheh, S. M. Shetab Boushehri, R. Poorazar, M. R. Eslahi, B. Andarzian, E. Dehghan, M. J. Afzali, A. Dehghani and H. Shamsi. 2007. Guide to Planting and Harvesting Irrigated Wheat in Khuzestan Province. Agriculture and Natural resources center of Khuzestan, Ahwaz.##20. Lutts, S., J. M. Kinet and J. Bouharmont. 1996. NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. 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بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی و گزینش همزمان عملکرد بذر و علوفه در ژنوتیپ‌های منتخب دو گونه علف باغ (Dactylis glomerata) و علف پشمکی (Bromus inermis) Evaluation of Genetic Variation and Simultaneous Selection for Seed and Forage Yield in Selected Genotypes of Dactylis glomerata and Bromus inermis 1 1 خشکی یکی از مهمترین تنش‌‌های غیر‌‌زیستی محدود کننده بقاء، رشد و تولید گیاهان در بسیاری از مناطق جهان است. حدود یک سوم زمین‌های کشاورزی دنیا در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک واقع شده‌اند که ایران نیز جزء همین مناطق است. از این رو نیاز به اصلاح ارقام دارای سازگاری بالا و نیاز آبی پایین به شدت احساس می‌شود. این مطالعه به‌منظور ارزیابی تحمل به خشکی ژنوتیپ‌های علف باغ و علف پشمکی، بررسی ارتباط بین عملکرد بذر و عملکرد علوفه و انتخاب همزمان ژنوتیپ‌های برتر انجام شد. در این مطالعه، تعداد 36 ژنوتیپ منتخب از جوامع حاصل از پلی‌کراس در هر یک از دو گونه به¬صورت کلونی تکثیر شده و تحت شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی طی سال‌های 1393 و 1394در مزرعه آموزشی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. در هر دو گونه مورد مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی قابل ملاحظه‌ای در بین ژنوتیپ‌ها از نظر عملکرد بذر و اجزای آن مشاهده شد که نشان‌دهنده پتانسیل بالا برای بهبود این صفات از طریق انتخاب هدفمند در برنامه‌های اصلاحی می‌باشد. تنش خشکی آثارمنفی روی عملکرد بذر و اجزای آن داشت و موجب کاهش تنوع ژنتیکی اکثر صفات شد. اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه در هر دو گونه مورد بررسی از وراثت‌پذیری نسبتاً بالایی برخوردار بودند و بنابراین بهبود این صفات از طریق انتخاب دوره‌ای امکان‌پذیر است. همبستگی بالا و معنی‌دار بین عملکرد بذر و عملکرد علوفه در هر دو گونه مورد بررسی نشان داد که امکان انتخاب همزمان برای عملکرد بذر و علوفه در هر دو شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی وجود دارد. با این وجود، شدت همبستگی در گونه علف باغ نسبت به علف پشمکی بالاتر بود. در هر دو گونه و در هر دو محیط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی ژنوتیپ‌های برتر از نظر عملکرد بذر و علوفه شناسایی شدند. این ژنوتیپ‌ها می‌توانند به‌عنوان والدین برتر برای ایجاد جمعیت‌های ژنتیکی، به‌منظور بهبود همزمان عملکرد بذر و عملکرد علوفه در برنامه‌های آتی و ایجاد واریته‌های ساختگی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. 2 Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting plant survival, growth, and production in many regions of the world. Approximately one-thirds of the world's agricultural lands are in arid and semi-arid regions, including Iran. Therefore, there is a need to improve plant cultivars with high adaptability and low water requirement. This study was conducted to evaluate the drought tolerance of Bromus inermis and Dactylis glomerata genotypes and investigate the relationship between seed yield and forage yield to select better genotypes in terms of these traits, simultaneously. In this study, 36 genotypes selected from polycross populations of both species were clonally propagated and evaluated under normal and drought-stressed conditions during 2014 and 2015 at the Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. In both species, high genetic variation was observed among genotypes for seed yield and its components indicating high potential for improving these traits through targeted selection in breeding programs. Drought stress negatively affected seed yield and its components and reduced the genetic diversity of most traits. Most of the studied traits had relatively high heritability; therefore, improvement of these traits is possible through recurrent selection in breeding programs. The significant association between seed and forage yield indicated that it is possible to select superior genotypes based on seed and forage yield in both normal and water stress conditions, simultaneously. However, the intensity of this association was higher in Dactylis glomerata than Bromus inermis. In both species and under both normal and drought stress conditions, better genotypes were identified in terms of seed and forage yield. These genotypes can be used in developing genetic populations for simultaneous improvement of seed and forage yield in future studies and also for the development of synthetic varieties in both species. 33 56 2023/01/182022/12/272023/01/21 1401/11/1 2023/04/292023/05/92023/05/13 1402/2/23 فاطمه سعیدنیا F. Saeidnia تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ایران f.saeidnia@areeo.ac.ir محمد مهدی مجیدی M. M. Majidi دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان ایران majidi@iut.ac.ir آقافخر میرلوحی A. Mirlohi دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان ایران mirlohi@iut.ac.ir Drought stress Heritability Dactylis glomerata Bromus inermis تنش خشکی توارث پذیری گراس ضریب تنوع ژنتیکی 1. Amini, F., M. M. Majid and A. F. Mirlohi. 2013. Genetic and genotype × environment interaction analysis for agronomical and some morphological traits in half-sib families of tall fescue. Crop Science 53: 1-11.##2. Bahrani, M. J. and H. Bahrami. 2010. Effect of water stress on ten forage grasses native or introduced to Iran. Grassland Science 56: 1-5.##3. Betran, F. 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ارزیابی سازگاری و مقایسه‌ی عملکرد کمی و کیفی هیبریدهای جدید گوجه‌فرنگی در شرایط استان گلستان Adaptation Evaluation and Quantitative and Qualitative Comparison of New Hybrid Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Genotypes in the Farms of Golestan Province 1 1 گوجه¬فرنگی (Solanum lycopersicum L.) یکی از محبوب¬ترین و پرمصرف¬ترین سبزی میوه¬ای در سراسر جهان است. با توجه به سطح کشت این محصول در استان گلستان (حدود 2200 هکتار) و اهمیت جایگزین نمودن ارقام هیبرید پرمحصول، در این مطالعه تعداد دو ژنوتیپ هیبرید جدید گوجه¬فرنگی رشد محدود مناسب کشت در فضای باز به نام¬های A-Z15، A-Z16-a به¬همراه رقم هیبرید شاهد مهدیس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. ژنوتیپ A-Z16-a در دو سطح دارای باکتری و بدون باکتری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت که ژنوتیپ آغشته شده به  باکتری پروبیو96 از شرکت بایوران تحت عنوان A-Z16-b نامیده شد. این مطالعه در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در ایستگاه‎های تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان و گنبد اجرا شد. آزمایش‎ها در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار انجام شد. صفات عملکرد در هکتار، متوسط وزن میوه، تعداد برچه میوه، درصد اندازه میوه¬ (ریز، متوسط و درشت)، قطر و طول میوه، تعداد حفره میوه، تعداد میوه در هر بوته، pH آب میوه، میزان کل مواد جامد محلول، نسبت میوه¬های دارای لایه سفید و ماندگاری میوه پس از برداشت یادداشت و اندازه¬گیری شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس تفاوت معنی¬داری در اغلب صفات مورد بررسی در هر دو مکان آزمایش نشان داد. بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین LSD رقم شاهد مهدیس از لحاظ عملکرد و تعداد میوه در بوته به سایر ژنوتیپ¬ها برتری داشت ولی در خصوصیات کیفی ماندگاری میوه، تعداد کمتر لایه¬های سفید میوه و مواد جامد محلول در مرتبه¬ی آخر قرار گرفت. بالاترین میانگین وزن میوه و بیشترین میزان ماندگاری میوه به ژنوتیپ A-Z16-b تعلق داشت که از لحاظ میزان عملکرد بعد از شاهد قرار داشت. به¬طور کلی بر اساس نتایج آزمایش، مشخص شد که در بین ژنوتیپ¬های مورد بررسی رقم شاهد مهدیس عملکرد بالاتری نسبت به ژنوتیپ¬های جدید داشت و بعد از آن ژنوتیپ A-Z16-b (تیمار آغشته به باکتری پروبیو 96 ژنوتیپ A-Z16-a) خصوصیات عملکردی بهتری نشان داد.  2 Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular and widely consumed vegetable fruits all over the world. Given the vast area (about 2200 hectares) under cultivation of this crop in Golestan province (north of Iran) and the importance of replacing old open-pollinated cultivars with new high-yielding hybrid cultivars, a field study was carried out by evaluating the new determinate tomato hybrid genotypes suitable for outdoor cultivation named A-Z15 and A-Z16 along with Mahdis (control) hybrid cultivar. A-Z16 consisted of two treatments of without and with treating seeds with Probio 96 bacteria named A-Z16a and A-Z16-b, respectively. This study was carried out during 2022 in two agricultural research stations of Golestan, Gorgan and Gonbad Experiments carried out as complete block designs with three replications. Characteristics such as fruit yield/hectare, average weight of fruit, number of fruit carpel, percentage of fruit size (small, medium, large), diameter and length of fruit, number of fruit cavity, fruits/plant, pH of fruit juice, amount of total soluble solids, proportion of fruits with white layer and shelf life of fruit after harvest were recorded and measured. The results of analysis of variances showed significant differences in most of the examined traits in two experimental locations. Based on mean comparisons, cultivar Mahdis (control) was superior in fruit yield and fruits/plant, but this cultivar in qualitative characteristics such as shelf life of fruit, the lower proportion of fruits with white layer and total soluble solids was ranked last. The highest average weight of fruit and shelf life of fruit belonged to A-Z16-b. After Mahdis, A-Z16-b produced highest fruit yield. In conclusion, Mahdis (control) and in a lesser extent A-Z16-b (A-Z16-a treated with Probio 96 bacteria) showed better fruit yield attributes compared to others. 57 72 2023/01/182022/12/272023/01/212023/04/1 1402/1/12 2023/04/292023/05/92023/05/132023/05/29 1402/3/8 شهربانو وکیلی بسطام Sh. Vakili Bastam مرکز تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان ایران sh.vakili@areeo.ac.ir حسین احمدی اوچ تپه H. Ahmadi Och Tappe مرکز تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان ایران h.ahmadi@areeo.ac.ir حسین بهلول H. Bohlul مرکز تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان ایران h.bohlol@areeo.ac.ir سمیرا شاملی S. Shameli مرکز تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان ایران s.shamli@areeo.ac.ir خدیچه محمدنیا Kh. Mohammadnia مرکز تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان ایران s.mohammadnia@areeo.ac.ir جعفر قاسمی J. Ghasemi مرکز تحقیقات وآموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان ایران j.ghasemi@areeo.ac.ir High yield hybrid Quality Bacteria treatment هیبرید پرمحصول کیفیت تیمار باکتری 1. 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(In Farsi).##18. Mayak, S., T. Tirosh and B. R. Glick. 2004a. Plant growth-promoting bacteria that confer resistance to water stress in tomatoes and peppers. Plant Science 166: 525-530.##19. Mayak, S., T. Tirosh and B. R. Glick. 2004b. Plant growth-promoting bacteria confer resistance in tomato plants to salt stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 42: 565-572.##20. Modarresi, M. and S. Rastgoo. 2013. Performance response and morphological traits of different cultivars tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) to heat stress. Journal of Agricultural Plant Sciences of Iran 44: 59-67.##21. Nath, N., M. Bouzayen, A. K. Mattoo and J. C. Pech. 2019. Fruit Ripening: Physiology, Signalling and Genomics, CABI. Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR20149014. ##22. Paliyath, G., D. P. Murr, A. K. Handa and S. Lurie. 2009. An international perspective. pp. 1-8, In: G. D. Paliyath, P. Murr, A. K. Handa and S. 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واکنش تولید دانه و روغن و بهره‌وری آب کنجد (.Sesamum indicum L) به آبیاری محدود در شرایط کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست The Response of Grain and Oil Production and Water Productivity of Sesame to Limited Irrigation Under the Conditions of Vermicompost Application 1 1 یک آزمایش مزرعه‌ای در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه پیام نور شادگان، استان خوزستان، اجرا شد تا تولید دانه و روغن کنجد در شرایط آبیاری محدود در واکنش به کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. آزمایش به¬صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار انجام شد به¬طوری که تیمار آبیاری در دو سطح (I1: آبیاری کامل سیستم ریشه و I2: آبیاری جزئی سیستم ریشه) در کرت اصلی و کود ورمی‌کمپوست (صفر، 5، 10، 15 و 20 تن در هکتار) در کرت-های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که درصد روغن و عملکرد دانه و روغن کنجد در شرایط آبیاری جزئی ریشه به¬ترتیب 3، 17/7 و 23/9 درصد کاهش یافتند. کاهش معنی‌دار (P≤0.01) تعداد دانه در بوته و وزن هزار دانه در شرایط آبیاری جزئی ریشه (به¬ترتیب 30 و 11/2 درصد) نشان می‌دهد عملکرد دانه‌ی کنجد به هر دو جزء عملکرد، وابسته است. با این حال، تعداد دانه به محدودیت آب حساسیت بیشتری نسبت به وزن دانه داشت. مصرف آب در تیمار آبیاری محدود، 49/2 درصد کاهش یافت و این امر باعث شد بهره‌وری آب برای تولید دانه و روغن در شرایط آبیاری جزئی ریشه نسبت به آبیاری کامل سیستم ریشه به¬ترتیب 61/7 و 49 درصد افزایش یابد. مصرف کود ورمی‌کمپوست به بهبود عملکرد دانه و روغن کنجد و صفات مرتبط با آن¬ها منجر شد به¬طوری که با مصرف 20 تن در هکتار کود، عملکرد دانه و روغن به¬ترتیب از 791 به 1248 کیلوگرم در هکتار (افزایش 57/8 درصدی) و 374 به 657 کیلوگرم در هکتار (افزایش 75/7 درصدی) رسیدند. بنابراین، مصرف کود ورمی‌کمپوست می‌تواند در شرایط آبیاری محدود به بهبود عملکرد دانه و روغن کنجد کمک کند. 2 A field experiment was carried out at the research field of Payame Noor university of Shadegan, Khuzestan province during 2021-2022 growing season to evaluate the grain and oil production of sesame under deficit irrigation in response to vermicompost application. The experiment was conducted as split-plot in three replications, where irrigation treatments (I1: full root zone irrigation and I2: partial root zone irrigation) were allocated to main plots and vermicompost (0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 t ha-1) were assigned as sub plots. Results indicated that oil percentage, grain and oil yield of sesame were reduced 3.0%, 17.7% and 23.9% under partial root zone irrigation, respectively. Significant reduction (P≤0.01) of grain number and grain weight under partial root zone irrigation (30% and 11.2%, respectively) showed that grain yield of sesame was affected by both components of grain yield. However, grain number was more sensitive to water shortage compared with grain weight. Water consumption in the limited irrigation treatment was reduced by 49.2%, and this caused the water productivity for seed and oil production to increase by 61.7% and 49%, respectively, compared to the full irrigation of the root system. The use of vermicompost fertilizer led to the improvement of sesame grain and oil yield and their related traits, so that with the consumption of 20 t ha-1 of fertilizer, the grain and oil yield increased from 791 to 1248 kg ha-1 (57.8% increase) and 374 to 657 kg ha-1 (75.7% increase), respectively. Therefore, the use of vermicompost fertilizer can help to improve the yield of sesame seeds and oil under limited irrigation conditions. 73 85 2023/01/182022/12/272023/01/212023/04/12023/03/24 1402/1/4 2023/04/292023/05/92023/05/132023/05/292023/06/24 1402/4/3 کامیار کاظمی k. kazemi استادیار گروه علمی کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور ایران Kamyar.kazemi@pnu.ac.ir حمداله اسکندری H. Eskandari دانشیار گروه علمی کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور ایران eskandari@pnu.ac.ir سیدنادر موسویان S. N. Mousavian استادیار گروه علمی کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور ایران nader_mosavian@yahoo.com Drought stress Grain yield Oil content Partial root zone irrigation تنش خشکی درصد روغن عملکرد دانه کم‌آبیاری 1. Abbasali, M., A. Tobeh, N. A. Khoshkholgh Sima and B. Tajeddin. 2019. Response of seed yield and oil quality of Iranian native sesame genotypes to drought stress. Seed and Plant Production 35: 133-157. (In Farsi).##2. Cheng, M., H. Wang, J. Fan, S. Zhang, Z. Liao, F. Zhang and Y. Wang. 2021. A global meta-analysis of yield and water use efficiency of crops, vegetables and fruits under full, deficit and alternate partial root-zone irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 248: 106771.##3. Davodi, S., M. Mojaddam and K. Payandeh. 2020. Investigating the effect of combination vermicompost and superabsorbent on quantitative and qualitative yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) under drought stress conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 13: 889-901. (In Farsi).##4. Dossa, K., D. Li, L. Wang, X. Zheng, A. Liu, J. Yu, X. Wei, R. Zhou, D. Fonceka, D. Diouf, B. Liao, N. Cissé and X. Zhang. 2017. Transcriptomic, biochemical and physio-anatomical investigations shed more light on responses to drought stress in two contrasting sesame genotypes. Scientific reports 7: 8755.##5. Dossa, K., L. Yehouessi, B. Likeng-Li-Ngue, D. Diouf, B. Liao, X. Zhang, N. Cissé and J. Bell. 2017. Comprehensive screening of some west and central african sesame genotypes for drought resistance probing by agro morphological, physiological, Bbiochemical and seed quality traits. Agronomy 7: 83.##6. Elnaz Samadzadeh Ghale Joughi, E., E. Majidi Hervan, A. H. Shirani-Rad and G. Noormohammadi. 2018. Effect of vermicompost fertilizer application on physiological characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes in two sowing dates. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology 12: 269-286. (In Farsi).##7. Eskandari, H., S. Zehtab Salmasi and K. Ghasemi-Golezani. 2009. Evaluation of water use efficiency and grain yield of sesame cultivars as a second crop under different irrigation regimes. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 1: 39-51. (In Farsi).##8. Eskandari, H. and A. Alizadeh-Amraie. 2018. Effect of planting pattern and alternate furrow irrigation on productivity of water and land under wheat and Persian clover intercropping. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture 32: 179-187. (In Farsi).##9.Eskandari, H. and K. Kazemi. 2019. Evaluation of the effect of irrigation levels and soil fertility management on sesame seed and oil yield (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 12: 122-111. (In Farsi).##10. Eskandari, H., A. Alizadeh-Amraie and A. Javanmard. 2020. Forage yield and quality of intercropped wheat and Persian clover as affected by partial root zone irrigation. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 13: 387-399. (In Farsi). ##11. Eskandari, H., A. Alizadeh-Amraie and K. Kazemi. 2019. Effect of drought stress caused by partial root zone irrigation on water use efficiency and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) in different intercropping planting patterns. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 12: 29-40. (In Farsi).##12. Ghafari, H., H. Hassanpour, M. Jafari and S. Besharat. 2020. Physiological, biochemical and gene-expressional responses to water deficit in apple subjected to partial root zone drying (PRD). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 148: 333-346.##13. Heidari, M., M. Goleg, H. Ghorbani and M. Baradarn Firozabad. 2016. Effect of drought stress and foliar application of iron oxide nanoparticles on grain yield, ion content and photosynthetic pigments in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Iranian Journal of Filed Crop Science 46: 619-628. (In Farsi).##14. Hussain, M. I., M. Farooq, A. Muscolo and A. Rehman. 2020. Crop diversification and saline water irrigation as potential strategies to save freshwater resources and reclamation of marginal soils-a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27: 28695-28729.##15.Jalili, F. and S. Salimzadeh. 2017. Effect of sulfur and vermicompost on yield of sunflower. In: Proceeding of 15th National Congress of Soil Science. Isfahan, Iran. pp. 1-5.##16. Kazemi, K. and S. N. Mousavian. 2022. Effect of partial root zone irrigation and fertilizing management on grain yield and water productivity of faba bean. Crop Science Research in Arid Regions 4: 277-289. (In Farsi).##17. Kermani, S. G., G. Saeidi M. R.Sabzalian and A. Gianinetti. 2019. Drought stress influenced sesamin and sesamolin content and polyphenolic components in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) populations with contrasting seed coat colors. Food Chemistry 289: 360-368.##18. Khaleghi, M., A. Shahnazari and F. Hasanpour. 2017. Effect of partial root zone drying irrigation with saline water on qualitative yield of sunflower. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture 31: 229-231. (In Farsi).##19. Khaleghi, M., F. Hassanpour, F. Karandish and A. Shahnazari. 2020. Integrating partial root-zone drying and saline water irrigation to sustain sunflower production in freshwater-scarce regions. Agricultural Water Management 234: 106094.##20. Koocheki, A., V. Mokhtari, S. Khorramdel and S. Taherabadi. 2015. Effect of irrigation levels on growth characteristics and yield of four ecotypes of sesame (Sesamum indicum). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 13: 239-247. (In Farsi).##21. Kouighat, M., H. Hanine, M. El Fechtali and A. Nabloussi. 2021. First report of sesame mutants tolerant to severe drought stress during germination and early seedling growth stages. Plants 10: 1166.##22. Li, W., Y. Gao, Y. Tian and J. Li. 2022. 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بهبود عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و غلظت برخی عناصر غذایی در برگ برنج با مصرف کاه برنج و بایوچار حاصل از آن Improvement of Yield, Yield Components and the Concentration of Some Nutrients in Rice Leaves by Using Rice Straw and Its Biochar 1 1 به‌منظور بررسی امکان بهبود عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و غلظت برخی عناصر غذایی در برگ برنج (رقم طارم) با مصرف کاه برنج و بایوچار حاصل از آن، آزمایشی به¬صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در نه تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری در سال 1400 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول کاه برنج (S) در سه سطح صفر، 2 و 4 تن در هکتار و فاکتور دوم بایوچار کاه برنج (B) در سه سطح صفر، 1 و 2 تن در هکتار بود. نتایج نشان داد که حداکثر میزان پتاسیم (1/22 درصد)، نیتروژن (4/73 درصد) و آهن برگ پرچم (208 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) در سطوح بالای کاه برنج و مخصوصاً بایوچار آن دیده شد. همچنین میزان سیلیسیم، منگنز و روی برگ پرچم با افزایش سطوح کاه برنج و بایوچار آن افزایش یافتند. با افزایش کاربرد کاه برنج و بایوچار آن تعداد پنجه در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، طول خوشه، وزن هزار دانه و تعداد دانه پر به¬طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. کاربرد توأم کاه برنج و بایوچار آن موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه برنج شد که در تیمار 2 تن بایوچار کاه برنج در هکتار + 4 تن کاه برنج در هکتار (S2B2) نسبت به شاهد به میزان 1/78 برابر افزایش پیدا کرد. بنابراین می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد 2 تن بایوچار در هکتار و 4 تن کاه برنج در هکتار می‌تواند با افزایش غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ پرچم و بهبود رشد و اجزای عملکرد برنج سبب دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد دانه ‌شود. 2 In order to investigate the possibility of improvement of yield, yield components and the concentration of some nutrients in rice leaves (Tarom variety) by using rice straw and its biochar, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design in nine treatments and three replications in the farm of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, north of Iran, in 2021. The first factor was rice straw (S) at three levels of zero, 2 and 4 tons/ha and the second factor was rice straw biochar (B) at three levels of zero, 1 and 2 tons/ha. The maximum concentration of potassium (1.22%), nitrogen (4.73%) and iron (208 mg/kg) in the flag leaf was observed when rice was grown in the high levels of rice straw and particularly its biochar. Also, the concentration of silicon, manganese and zinc in the flag leaf increased with the increase in the levels of rice straw and its biochar. By increasing the use of rice straw and its biochar, the number of tillers, plant height, panicle length, weight of 1000 seeds and the number of filled seeds increased significantly. The combined use of rice straw and its biochar increased the rice grain yield, indicating a 1.78 times increase in the treatment of 2 tons/ha of rice straw biochar + 4 tons/ha of rice straw (S2B2) compared to the control. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of 2 tons/ha of biochar and 4 tons/ha of rice straw can lead to the maximum grain yield by increasing the concentration of nutrients in the flag leaf and improving the growth and yield components of rice. 87 101 2023/01/182022/12/272023/01/212023/04/12023/03/242023/02/5 1401/11/16 2023/04/292023/05/92023/05/132023/05/292023/06/242023/06/24 1402/4/3 سید علیرضا موسوی الیردی S. A. Mousavi Elyerdi دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری ایران se.alireza.mousavi.el14@gmail.com محمدعلی بهمنیار M. A. Bahmanyar دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری ایران mali.bahmanyar@gmail.com فردین صادق زاده F. Sadegh-Zadeh دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری ایران Fardin.upm@gmail.com بهی جلیلی B. Jalili دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری ایران bahi_jalilis@yahoo.com Micronutrients Nitrogen Organic matter Panicle Potassium Silicon پتاسیم سیلیسیم خوشه عناصر کم مصرف موادآلی نیتروژن 1. Ali, I., S. Ullah, L. He, Q. Zhao, A. Iqbal, S. Wei, T. 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واکنش برخی صفات زراعی ارقام جو به تنش گرمای انتهای فصل در شرایط آب و هوایی ابرکوه The Response of Some Agronomic Traits in Barley Cultivars to Late-Season Heat Stress in Abarkouh Weather Conditions 1 1 به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش گرما بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات زراعی در جو، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1401-1400 به‌صورت جداگانه در دو شرایط معمول و تنش گرما در هشت رقم جو شامل نیک، مهر، خاتم، ریحان، نصرت، فجر 30، یوسف و افضل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهر ابرکوه اجرا شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که اثر رقم برای تمام صفات به‌جز وزن هزار دانه و طول پدانکل معنی‌دار شد. برهم¬کنش تنش گرما × رقم در صفات تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، تعداد دانه در سنبله و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. تنش گرما باعث کاهش معنی‌دار تعداد روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، ارتفاع بوته، طول سنبله، طول پدانکل، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، تعداد دانه در سنبله و عملکرد دانه و افزایش معنی‌دار تعداد روز تا پنجه‌زنی شد. همبستگی منفی و معنی‌دار بین تعداد روز تا پنجه‌زنی با عملکرد دانه در هر دو شرایط آزمایش و همچنین بین تعداد سنبله در مترمربع با عملکرد دانه در شرایط معمول وجود داشت درحالی‌که همبستگی بین تعداد سنبله در مترمربع و تعداد دانه در سنبله با عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش گرما مثبت و معنی‌دار بود. نتایج رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام نشان داد که برای افزایش عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش گرما، می‌توان از صفاتی مانند ارتفاع بوته و تعداد دانه در سنبله استفاده نمود. نتایج نشان داد که می‌توان با کشت ارقام ریحان و نصرت در هر دو شرایط آزمایش عملکرد بالاتری را به‌دست آورد. 2 The effect of heat stress on yield, yield component and some agronomic traits of barley, was evaluated during the growing season of 2022-2023 using a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal and heat stress conditions. Eight barley cultivars including Nik, Mehr, Khatam, Reyhan, Nosrat, Fajr 30, Yoosef and Afzal were grown in Abarkouh, Yazd, central Iran. The results of combined analysis of variance revealed that cultivar effect was significant in all traits except 1000 grain weight and peduncle length. Heat stress × cultivar interaction was significant for spikes/m2, grains/spike, and grain yield. Heat stress led to a significant decrease in days from sowing to physiological maturity, plant height, peduncle and spike length, spikes/m2, grains/spike, and grain yield and a significant increase in days from sowing to tillering. Grain yield under both conditions had significant negative correlation with days from sowing to tillering. Grain yield had significant positive correlation with spikes/m2 under normal condition and with spikes/m2, and grains/spike under heat stress condition. Stepwise regression results showed that grains/spike and plant height could be used as criteria for increaseing grain yield under heat stress condition. Mean comparison of data for studied cultivars showed that Reyhan and Nosrat genotypes could be suggested for cultivation under both conditions. 103 116 2023/01/182022/12/272023/01/212023/04/12023/03/242023/02/52023/02/6 1401/11/17 2023/04/292023/05/92023/05/132023/05/292023/06/242023/06/242023/06/28 1402/4/7 مسعود گلستانی M. Golestani دانشگاه پیام نور ایران ma_golestani@pnu.ac.ir Barley Combined analysis of variance Correlation Grain yield Stepwise regression اجزای عملکرد تجزیه واریانس مرکب عملکرد دانه رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام همبستگی 1. Ahmadi, K., H. R. Ebadzadeh, F. Hatami, Sh. Mohammadnia, E. Esfandiari-pour and R. A. Taghani. 2021. Agricultural Statistics of 2019-2020 cropping season. Volume1. Ministry of Agriculture-Jahade Press, Tehran. (In Farsi).##2. Arisnabarreta, S. and D. J. Miralles. 2008. Critical period for grain number establishment of near isogenic lines of two and six rowed barley. Field Crops Research 107: 196-202.##3. Ashraf, M. and P. J. C. Harris. 2005. Abiotic Sresses-Plant Resistance Through Breeding and Molecular Approaches. CRC Press, Florida.##4. Bagheri, N. A., N. A. Babaeian-Jelodar and A. Pasha. 2011. Path coefficient analysis for yield and yield components in diverse rice (Oriza sativa L.) genotypes. Biharean Biologist 5: 32-35.##5. Bahrami, F., A. Arzani and M. Rahimmalek. 2019. Photosynthetic and yield performance of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) under terminal heat stress. Photosynthetica 57 : 9-17.##6. Bahrami, F., A. Arzani and M. Rahimmalek. 2021. Tolerance to high-temperature at reproductive stage: trade-offs between phenology, grain yield and yield-related traits in wild and cultivated barleys. Plant Breeding 140: 812-826.##7. Bavei, V., B. Vaezi, M. Abdipour, M. R. J. Kamali and M. Roustaii. 2011. 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