Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2
4
2012
8
1
Mapping QTLs Linked to Some Traits Related to Drought Stress in Rice
1
12
FA
H.
Sabouri
College of Agric. Sci. and Natur. Resour., Gonbad Kavous Univ., Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
hossein.sabouri@ghec.ac.ir
Y
A.
Sabouri
College of Agric., Univ. of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
N
R.
Khatami Nejad3
College of Agric. Sci. and Natur. Resour., Gonbad Kavous Univ., Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
N
Identification of markers linked to genes controlling drought tolerance is necessary to breed high-yielding rice varieties for drought-prone areas. In the current study, some traits associated with drought tolerance in rice were investigated using microsatellite marker. One hundred and ninety two individuals and families derived from a cross between two genetically divergent, Shahpasand (tolerant) and IR28 (sensitive), were grown in Gonbad Kavous University to detect QTLs for traits related to drought tolerance on chromosomes 1 and 6. Linkage map was derived using 33 polymorphic markers in 2 linkage groups in parents and 192 F2 individuals. This map covered 366 cM of the rice genome. A total of 16 QTLs were detected for traits. The co-location of QTLs for traits for drought tolerance was shown to be on chromosome 1 in RM8115-RM5638 and chromosome 6 in RM7434-RM162 and RM4608-RM217 intervals. The results showed that QTLs controlling LFI (qLFI-1) overlapped with the QTLs for leaf rolling (qROL-1) on chromosome 1. Three QTLs were mapped for fertility (FER). Two QTLs were showed the large effects on the ROL and FER that explained 14.11% and 14.65%, respectively, of the total phenotypic variations. These QTLs may be useful for development of new varieties with a high level of grain yield under drought conditions. Since these regions explained significant percentage of the phenotypic variations, they have potential for being applied in selection programs using a marker for drought tolerance.
Microsatellite, Major effect, Marker.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1537-en.html
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1537-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2
4
2012
8
1
Molecular Study and Photosynthetic- Senescence Related Gene in Flag Leaf and Other Leaves in Barley
13
25
FA
S.
S. Navabpour
Gorgan Univ. of Agric. Sci. and Natur. Resour., Gorgan, Iran.
s.navabpour@yahoo.com
Y
In order to find out the importance of flag leaf in Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Hordea in some physiologic traits and photosynthetic and leaf senescence-related gene expression, a field experiment was carried out in Warwick University Research Farm, UK, in 2003. For more accuracy and statistical comparison of the calculated means, the experiment was carried out in 4 replicates. Random leaf samples were taken in 3 periodic times during the plant growth. The studied traits included chlorophyll a, b content, net CO2 assimilation, Fv/Fm ratio, cellular oxidative level (TBARM) and photosynthetic and senescence-related gene expression. Chlorophyll content showed a decreasing trend during the sampling periods. This was greater in other leaves than flag leaf. Net CO2 assimilation rate in flag leaf was greater and more stable than other leaves during the sampling periods. TBARM content went up very fast by progression of leaf senescence. Photosynthetic genes RCBS, LhcII and Cab showed similar expression pattern and generally decreased by by progression of leaf senescence, especially in other leaves. In genes related to leaf senescence, there was notable variety. Expression of MTI and CATI showed relatively similar pattern, whereas SODI and SAG12 showed different expression. In conclusion, results showed that flag leaf had superior role in increasing grain yield. This was due to stability of photosynthesis, chlorophyll content as well as less oxidative damage during flag-leaf senescence, as compared to other leaves. In this respect, activity of photosynthesis genes and homeostatic senescence-related genes significantly was expressed during flag-leaf senescence.
Hordeum vulgare, Chlorophyll, Photosynthesis, Leaf senescence, Flag leaf, Gene expression.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1538-en.html
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1538-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2
4
2012
8
1
Effect of Salinity Stress on Growth Analysis of Isabgul, French Psyllium and Great Plantain
27
40
FA
A.
Rahimi
College of Agric., Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.
rahimiasg@gmail.com
Y
Growth indices are useful for interpreting plant reaction to environmental factor. Using Growing Degree Days (GDD) for estimating the phonological growth stages is more valid instead of calendar time. In order to study effect of salinity on growth analysis in three different plantago species, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan in 2009. The study was carried out factorial experiment based on RCBD design with 4 replications to determine the influence of salinity (9, 15, 21 dS/m and control with distilled water) and three plantago species (Isabgul, French psyllium, Great plantain). Polynomial equations with the 88 to 98 distinction coefficient (R2) were known as the best indicator for interpreting of growth indices fluctuation to GDD. In all three species, the highest dry matter accumulation, leaf area, Crop growth rates (CGR) were observed in 900-1000 GDD at all salinity levels and in higher GDD, the decreeing trend of dry matter accumulation, leaf area and CGR were observed in all salinity levels. The lowest relative growth rate, crop growth rate, Leaf area ratio, dry matter accumulation were observed in 21 dS/m NaCl salinity. Results also indicated that maximum dry matter accumulation was observed in 800, 900 and 1100 degree day in Isabgul, French psyllium, Great plantain, respectively. No seed harvested from Isabgul and French psyllium in 21 dS/m. Among three species, great plantain could remain the highest leaf area consequently this species produced higher dry matter (0.4 gr per plant) and relative growth rate (0.06 g.g-1.10GDD-1) compared to other species. In general, among three species, great plantain was better species from a growth and seed yield point of view in salinity stress.
Relative growth rate, Crop growth rate, Leaf area ratio, Dry matter accumulation
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1539-en.html
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1539-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2
4
2012
8
1
Identification of Canola Cultivars for Drought Tolerance in Germination and Seedling Growth Stages Using Principal Component Analysis
41
52
FA
M. M.
Majidi1
College of Agric., Isf. Univ. Technol., Isfahan, Iran.
majidi@cc.iut.ac.ir
Y
Drought stress can play an important role in limiting crop productivity and disturbing different stages of plant growth especially at seed germination in arid and semiarid regions. Breeding for drought tolerance at germination stage can enhance the number of seedlings, resulting in a higher yield of grain in rapeseed. In this research 32 cultivars of rapeseed were evaluated for drought tolerance induced by Polyethylene glycol at germination stage according to factorial experiment, based on a completely randomized design with four replications. Osmotic drought stress treatments in four levels including distilled water, -5 and –10 bar was created according a preliminary test. Results indicated high significant differences among cultivars, drought stress levels and their interactions. Drought stress not only decreased germination percentage but also reduced seedling growth. Based on principal component analysis, the first two components named germination potential and seedling growth. Distribution of genotypes based on biplot analysis showed that there is enough genetic variation among cultivars for germination characteristics associated under drought tolerance. Cultivars Likord and Okapi were identified as the most tolerant genotypes. Result indicated that principal component analysis can be used as a useful technique for screening drought tolerant genotypes and identifying relationships between indices.
Rapeseed, Drought stress, Seed germination, Variation, Seedling growth.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1540-en.html
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1540-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2
4
2012
8
1
Effect of Planting Date on Physiological and MorphologicalCharacteristics of Four Canola Cultivars in Yasouj
53
66
FA
M. H.
Fallah Heki
College of Agric., Yasouj Univ., Yasouj, Iran.
N
A.
Yadavi
College of Agric., Yasouj Univ., Yasouj, Iran.
yadavi53@yahoo.com
Y
M.
Movahhedi Dehnavi
College of Agric., Yasouj Univ., Yasouj, Iran.
N
M.
Bonyadi
College of Agric., Yasouj Univ., Yasouj, Iran.
N
In order to study the physiological and morphological characteristics of canola cultivars at different planting dates, an experiment was carried out in 2008-2009 at the Agriculture Research Station of Yasouj. A factorial with Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was conducted. Four planting dates (September 12, September 22, October 2 and October 12) and four cultivars (Zarfam, Okapi, Elite and SLM-046) were used in this study. Results showed that cultivars and planting dates had significant effects on more characteristics. In addition, interaction of planting date and cultivar was significant on plant height, height to lowest silique, number of branches, growth indices and grain yield. Zarfam and Elite cultivars had lower initial fluorescence (Fo) and higher maximum fluorescence (Fm) and photochemical capacity of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) than Okapi and SLM-046 cultivars. Elite cultivar at September 12 planting date had the highest plant height (173 cm) and height to lowest silique (87.5 cm) and Okapi cultivar at October 12 planting date showed the lowest plant height (91 cm) and height to lowest silique (43.7 cm). At September 12 planting date, Elite cultivar had the greatest leaf area index (5.21) and grain yield (5231 kg/ha). At other planting dates, Zarfam cultivar because of priority in leaf area index, crop growth rate and total dry matter have the greatest grain yield than other cultivars. In general, seems at September 12 planting date, Elite cultivar and for delayed sowing, Zarfam cultivar had better reaction than other cultivars.
Canola, Cultivar, Planting Date, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Growth Indices, Grain Yield
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1541-en.html
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1541-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2
4
2012
8
1
Effect of Nitrogen, Potassium, Magnesium and Zinc Sulfates on Yield and Some Characteristics of Biodiesel Produced from Safflower
67
77
FA
M.
Ranjbar
College of Agric., Shahrekord Univ., Shahrekord, Iran.
mehranjbar2009@gmail.com
Y
M. R.
Tadayyon
College of Agric., Shahrekord Univ., Shahrekord, Iran.
N
A.
Tadayyon
College of Agric., Shahrekord Univ., Shahrekord, Iran.
N
R.
Ebrahimi
College of Agric., Shahrekord Univ., Shahrekord, Iran.
N
In order to evaluate the effect of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate on biodiesel produced from safflower, a field experiment was carried out as completely randomized blocks design with three replications, at Research Farm of Shahrekord University in 2010. Treatments included nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (150, 200 and 300 kg/ha), potassium, magnesium and zinc sulfates at 150, 100 and 50 kg/ha, respectively, and control (no fertilizer application). By nourishing the safflower plants, the seed yield and biodiesel traits such as density, iodine value and saponification value were measured. The results showed that the seed yield under treatment of 300 kg/ha nitrogen (913 kg/ha) was greater than other treatments. Magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate produced the highest oil percentage (32.84 and 32.5, respectively). The biodiesel production under utilization of potassium sulfate had greater density, iodine value and saponification value (867.25 kg/m3, 139.7 mg iodine per 100 g oil, and 190.6 mg sodium hydroxide per g oil, respectively) compared to other treatments. In general, it was concluded that application of micronutrient fertilizers (especially potassium sulfate) improves seed-oil and biodiesel characteristics of safflower.
Safflower, Seed yield, Oil percentage, Density, Iodine value, Saponification value.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1542-en.html
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1542-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2
4
2012
8
1
Evaluation of Yield, SPAD Index, Landuse Efficiency and System Productivity Index of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Intercropped with Bitter Vetch (Vicia ervilia)
79
92
FA
J.
Hamzei
College of Agric., Bu-Ali Sina Univ., Hamedan, Iran.
Email: j.hamzei@basu.ac.ir
Y
This experiment was performed to investigate the possibility of barley-bitter vetch intercropping under field conditions, based on factorial using randomized complete blocks design with three replications, at the Agricultural Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. Treatments were sole cropping of barley (200, 300 and 400 plants/m2 densities), sole cropping of bitter vetch (20, 40 and 60 plants/m2 densities) and additive intercropping based on combination of the two species. Results revealed that the effects of treatments were significant for number of seeds per spike, flag leaf chlorophyll, grain yield and biological yield of barley. Interaction of barley density× bitter vetch density significantly affected only grain and biological yields of barley. Maximum number of seeds/spike (22.25) and leaf chlorophyll (43.38 SPAD) was achieved at 200 and 400 barley plants/m2, respectively. Also, maximum plant height (43.8 cm) and number of seeds/spike of barley (22.78) and minimum value of these traits (32.9 cm and 17.22 seeds/spike, respectively) was observed in barley sole-cropping and intercropping (adding of 60 bitter vetch seeds/m2 to barley densities), respectively. Sole cropping of barley at 400 plants/m2 density produced the highest grain and biological yield (288 g/m2 and 564 g/m2, respectively) which was not significantly different from 300 plants/m2 treatment (260 g/m2 and 555 g/m2, respectively). Plant height, number of pods/plant and leaf chlorophyll of bitter vetch were significantly affected by barley densities. Maximum plant height (20 cm) and leaf chlorophyll (46.83 SPAD) were observed at adding of 400 barley plants/m2 to bitter vetch densities. Maximum number of pods/plant (9.22) was in sole cropping of bitter vetch. Also, comparison of bitter vetch densities revealed that 60 plants/m2 was superior to 20 and 40 plants/m2 densities. Maximum land equivalent ratio (LER=1.81) and system productivity index (SPI=4526) were achieved at intercropping of barley and bitter vetch with densities of 300 and 20 plants/m2, respectively. Therefore, it seems that intercropping of low density of bitter vetch (20 plants/m2) with normal density of barley (300 plants/m2) may give better overall yield and income than sole cropping of barley.
Planting pattern, Land equivalent ratio, Chlorophyll, Multiple cropping system.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1543-en.html
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1543-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2
4
2012
8
1
Technical and Economical Evaluation of Mixed Cropping Grass Pea with Barley and Triticale under Dryland Conditions in Zanjan Province
93
103
FA
J.
Lamei Harvani
jlh_1336@yahoo.com
Y
In order to evaluate technical and economical aspects of mixed cropping grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and triticale (×Triticosecale), an experiment was conducted at Khodabandeh Dryland Research Station during 2006-2008. The field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with 9 treatments and four replications. Experimental treatments were pure grass pea, triticale and barely monocultures, as well as mixtures of grass pea with each of these cereals in three seeding ratios (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3). Results of the combined analysis revealed that effects of planting treatments on dry matter yield (DMY) and land equivalent ratio (LER) were significant (P<0.01). The least DMY (0.59 t ha-1) was obtained from the pure grass pea sowing. DMY values in grass pea mixtures with barley were 38.2- 68.5 percent higher than triticale mixtures at similar ratios. The LER values for all mixed cropping treatments were obtained higher than one. By increasing the barley and triticale ratio in mixtures, DMY and LER values were increased. Positive and higher relative crowding coefficient (Kcereal= 1.65-6.26) and actual yield loss (AYLcereal= 0.175-1.46) indices in barley and triticale indicated that these plants were dominant competitive species with respect to grass pea. Among the mixed cropping treatments, mixture ratio of 75% barely + 25% grass pea, having DMY of 2.31 t/ha, LER of 1.538 and monetary advantage index of 107.24, was selected as the most suitable ratio for planting in dryland conditions of Zanjan.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1545-en.html
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1545-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
2251-8525
2
4
2012
8
1
Effect of Cutting off Irrigation at Flowering Stage on Physiological Characters, Yield and Yield Components of Wheat Genotypes in Shiraz
105
119
FA
S.
Moori
College of Agric., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran.
Y
Y.
Emam
College of Agric., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran.
yaemam@shirazu.ac.ir
N
H.
Karimzadeh Sureshjani
College of Agric., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran.
N
To evaluate the response of wheat genotypes to terminal drought stress and to identify drought tolerant and sensitive genotypes, 20 wheat genotypes were compared in two stress and normal conditions, in a field experiment carried out at the Experimental Farm of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, as a split-plot arrangement using complete randomized blocks design with four replications, during 2008-9 growing season. Main plot was irrigation (normal irrigation and cutting off irrigation at flowering stage) and sub plot was 20 wheat genotypes. The results of ANOVA showed that there was highly significant difference among genotypes for all measured traits, indicating genetic variation among genotypes, which allowed genotype selection for drought tolerance. Comparison of traits’ means showed that the highest grain yield was obtained from Derakhshan cultivar (894.7 g/m2) in irrigation treatment and in drought conditions from M-73-6 genotype (442.1 g/m2). However, the least grain yield in both stress and non-stress conditions was obtained from Souraplata cultivar (362.4 and 149.7 g/m2, respectively). Results also showed that chlorophyll concentration of flag leaf was increased under drought conditions with the highest percentage in Yavarous cultivar (65.02%). Relative water content (RWC) for flag leaf was decreased under drought stress conditions and the highest reduction was found in Shiraz cultivar (31.06%). While there was no significant correlation between chlorophyll concentration and grain yield, RWC of flag leaf showed a significant correlation with grain yield of genotypes. Therefore, RWC could be used as a suitable index for screening drought tolerant wheat genotypes.
Flag leaf, RWC, Chlorophyll content, Yield, Wheat genotypes.
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1546-en.html
http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-1546-en.pdf