Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
6
21
2016
12
1
Genetic Diversity of Iranian and Exotic Sainfoin Accessions (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) Based on Morphological Traits
1
14
FA
M.
Zarabiyan
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
M. M.
Majidi
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
H.
Amini
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is widely grown as forage and pasture legume in Iran and is tolerant to environmental stresses. To investigate the genetic diversity among 56 accessions of sainfoin germplasm (including 46 Iranian and 10 foreign) based on morphological and agronomic characteristics, present experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in Isfahan University of Technology Research Farm during 2010-2011. The results of analysis of variance indicated considerable variation between studied germplasm for all traits and the better performance for Iranian accessions. The estimation of broad sense heritability for plant height, number of stems per plant, number of stems per meter square and number of nods per stem was high suggesting contribution of the major genes for controlling these traits. On the basis of means comparison, the forage yield was greatest for the first cutting as compared to the second cutting. Also the highest yield obtained from second year. Regarding the palatability (based on leaf to stem ratio) the exotic accessions had higher values. Developing of superior cultivars may be possible through combining high yield and palatability in breeding programs.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
6
21
2016
12
1
Effect of Three Growth Regulators on Grain Yield of Wheat Cultivars under Different Moisture Regimes
15
33
FA
M. E.
Sedaghat
Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Y.
Emam
Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used to prevent reduction in wheat grain yield under limited moisture conditions. The effect of 3 PGRs including cycocel, salicylic acid and brassinoestroeid on yield and yield components of four wheat cultivars (Chamran, Shiroudi, Pishtaz and Sirvan) under well watered and water stress (withheld irrigation after flowering) was examined. The experiment was carried out as a factorial split plot in a completely randomized block design with three replicates at research farm of Sarvestan, Fars province in 2014-15 growing season. The results showed that drought stress reduced ear weight, grains per ear, grain weight per ear, thousand grain weight, harvest index, biological yield and grain yield, significantly. Albeit, the extent of the decrease varied, i.e. the smallest and greatest decreases were found in thousand grain weight (7%) and number of grains per ear (13%), respectively. Furthermore, application of PGRs especially cycocel, could increase ear weight, grains per spike, harvest index, thousand grain weight and consequently, grain yield. Among cultivars, Sirvan had the highest and Shiroudi had the lowest yield under both moisture regimes. According to our results although drought stress suppresses wheat yield and yield components, PGRs could be harnessed to compensate some parts of drought stress. Therefore, use of PGRs could be recommended to alleviate the drought stress effect on bread wheat.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
6
21
2016
12
1
Effect of Different Biofertilizers and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat
34
45
FA
M.
Tavakoli
MSc. in Soil Science, Agricultural Jihad Organization, Esfahan, Iran.
A. H.
Jalali
مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان
To investigate the effect of biofertilizers and N levels on yield and yield components of wheat, a two-year study (2012-2013) was carried out in Isfahan by using strip split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications. Four treatments of biofertilizers (control, Nitroxin, Supernitroplus, and Vacosium seed plus) were assigned as vertical factor and four N levels (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg ha-1) were assigned as horizontal factor. Effect of biofertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and its components as well as the interaction was significant. Use of Nitroxin, supernitroplus, and Vacosium seed plus biofertilizers increased the seed yield by 17, 30 and 11.2 percent, respectively, compared to control treatment. Application of nitrogen at 100 kg ha-1 increased the seed yield by 8, 32 and 38.4 percent, respectively, compared to 50 and 25 kg N ha-1 and control treatments. Use of supernitroplus biofertilizers along with 50 kg N ha-1 produced a seed yield of 6470 kg ha-1 and a harvest index of 42.5 percent, and it was recognized as the best treatment in this study. In summary, the results of this study showed that using a combination of bio-fertilizers and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and is, therefore, consistent with the goals of sustainable agriculture.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
6
21
2016
12
1
Impact of Methyl Jasmonate on Enhancing Chilling Tolerance of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings
47
59
FA
F.
Saydpour
University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran.
M.
Sayyari
University of Bu-Ali Sina,Hamedan, Iran.
Cucumber is a warm season crop that suffers from chilling injury at temperatures below 10°C. In recent years, jasmonates have been used for reduction of chilling injuries in plants. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test whether methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application at various concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mM) through seed soaking or foliar spray would protect cucumber seedlings, subjected to chilling stress. Results showed that MeJA application decreased chilling index, ion leakage, malondialdehyde content and hydrogen peroxide free radical and increased growth parameters, proline contents, chlorophylls contents and antioxidant activity. Although, seed soaking method provided better protection compared to foliar spray method, the highest cold tolerance was obtained with 0.15mM MeJA application in both application methods that caused low level of chilling index (1.67), malondialdehyde content (0.11 nm g-1 FW), hydrogen peroxide free radical (0.22 nm g-1 FW) and ion leakage (32.87%). In general, it may be concluded that MeJA could be used effectively to protect cucumber seedling from damaging effects of chilling stress at the early stages of growth.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
6
21
2016
12
1
Improvement of Micropropagation and Proliferation of Robinia pseudoacasia L. Using Plant Growth Regulators and Extracts of Brown Seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum
61
79
FA
B.
Kaviani
Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Iran.
N.
Negahdar
Hyrcan Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Research Institute, Amol, Iran
D.
Hashemabadi
Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Iran.
The present study was conducted to test the effect of Ascophyllum nodosum extract on the growth of Robinia pseudoacasia L., ornamental tree. In vitro and ex vitro clonal multiplication of Robinia pseudoacasia L. was achieved using embryonic axes and seeds as explants, respectively. Factors affecting shoot and root production of R. pseudoacasia L. were investigated by comparing various growth regulators [α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA)] and culture media [Murashige and Skoog (MS) and WPM (woody plant medium)] on in vitro conditions, also culture beds (sand, perlite, compost and cocopeat) with different ratios and extracts of brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum on ex vitro conditions. Both of BA and NAA were used at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg l-1. Concentrations used from extracts of A. nodosum were 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg l-1. The optimum plant growth regulator (PGR) combination for maximal plant height, shoot number, node number, root number, root length, leaf number, fresh and dry weight on in vitro condition was 1 mg l-1 NAA and 1 mg l-1 BA in MS medium. The 1000 mg l-1 of extracts of A. nodosum led to optimum plant height, node number, longest root, leaf number, dry weight, fresh weight. The most appropriate plantlets survival on ex vitro condition was observed when the culture medium was a bed containing sand + perlite + compost with proportion of 1:1:1. About 75% of the propagated plantlets and 90% of the micropropagated plantlets were established successfully in acclimatization medium. Regenerated plantlets were morphologically identical with mother plants. Present study showed positive modifications in shoot proliferation, rate of rooting of stem and some morphological and physiological characters due to subjection of R. pseudoacasia L. to optimum treatments.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
6
21
2016
12
1
Beneficial Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth Characteristics and Nutrients Uptake by Plane Tree (Platanus orientalis L), Subjected to Deficit Irrigation
81
90
FA
H.
Alipour Amraie1
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
A.
Nikbakht2
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
N.
Etemadi
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
F.
Norbakhsh
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
F.
Rejali
Department of Soil Biology, Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Plane tree is one of the important trees cultivated in urban landscapes of Iran and often suffers from different nutritional issues including deficiency and toxicity of mineral nutrients. Mycorrhizal fungi have been introduced to increase growth and quality of plants in horticulture. To study the combined effect of two mycorrhizal fungi (G. mosseae and G. intraradices) on plane trees, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments and 6 replicates. Treatments included control (without fertilizer), livestock manure, complete fertilizer (20:5:10) and manure + fertilizer + mycorrhizal fungi. Some traits and indices including phosphorus, nitrogen, iron and zinc contents, leaf fresh weight, current year growth and total soluble carbohydrate and chlorophyll contents were evaluated. The results showed the positive effects of manure, fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi on the plane tree, as these treatments significantly increased all examined parameters except for current year growth. Contents of phosphorus, nitrogen, zinc, iron, chlorophyll and total soluble sugar increased by 400%, 20%, 500%, 34%, 41% and 23%, in mycorrhizal-treated plants, respectively, as compared to the control trees. The results of this study showed a promising effect of the mycorrhizal fungi to be applied along with fertilizer and manure as an appropriate biological fertilizer for plane tree.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
6
21
2016
12
1
The Combined Effect of Different Nitrogen Levels and Planting Arrangement on Weed Interference with Linseed and Seed Berseem Clover Intercropping
91
103
FA
V.
Reihani
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
H.
Karimmojeni
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
A.
Heidariasl1
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
M. H.
Ehtemam
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
M.
Zahedi
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
Intercropping is one of the effective components of sustainable agriculture. In order to assess the effects of nitrogen application and planting arrangement on linseed and berseem clover leaf area, light absorption and their yield an experiment was conducted as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology in 2012. The main plots included three nitrogen rates (0, 30 and 60 kg/ha of nitrogen) and subplots were different planting arrangement of linseed and berseem clover (monoculture of linseed, 70% linseed: 70% berseem clover, 70% linseed: 50% berseem clover, 50% linseed: 50% berseem clover, 50% linseed: 70% berseem clover, monoculture of berseem clover). The highest weed dry weight (286 g/m2) was obtained in monocultures of linseed when 60 kg/ha nitrogen was applied. The highest percentage of light absorption (85.3%) was achieved at different planting arrangements with application of 30 kg/ha nitrogen. The highest seed yield of linseed (53.19 g/m2) and berseem clover (72.6 g/m2) were obtained in monocultures and 0 and 30 kg/ha nitrogen treatments, respectively. In general, linseed and berseem clover intercropping with application of 30 kg/ha nitrogen were proven beneficial as they led to the greater yield and successful weed control.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
6
21
2016
12
1
Effects of Salinity and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Some Physiological Traits and Grain Yield of Hulled Wheat Compared to Durum Wheat
105
119
FA
S.
Tabatabaei
Isfahan University of Technology ,Isfahan, Iran.
P.
Ehsanzadeh
Isfahan University of Technology ,Isfahan, Iran.
Scientific data on the hulled wheats is scarce. Therefore, changes in some physiological attributes including carotenoids concentration, antioxidant enzymes activity, malondialdehyde content (MDA), cell membrane stability index (MSI) and grain yield in a hulled tetraploid wheat (i.e. "Joneghan") and a durum wheat cultivar (i.e. "Yavaroos") in response to salinity and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were studied using a split-factorial based on randomized complete block design at Research Farm, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran in 2013. Three levels of irrigation water salinity (control, 100 and 200 mM of NaCl) were chosen as main plots and the two tetraploid wheat genotypes and three PGPR strains (550, 57 and UW3) and bacteria-free control were considered as subplots. Salinity led to significant decreases in grain yield/m2 (nearly 30%), activity of the antioxidative enzymes of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) and carotenoids concentration. Salinity led to a decrease in MSI and an increase in MDA content, indicating salt-induced damages to the cells. Bacterial strains left different effects on the above-mentioned traits. Strain 550 led to 44% increase in grain yield of the two genotypes at the absence of salt, though strain UW3 led to 24% increase in grain yield of the genotypes, when grown at the presence of 200 mM of NaCl. Though, the bacterial strains led to increase in MSI of the salt-treated plants. From the data obtained in the present field study we can conclude that the PGPR efficacy in the mitigating salt stress in tetraploid wheat is genotype-, salt level- and strain-specific. The "Joneghan" hulled tetraploid wheat was out-performed by the "Yavaroos" durum wheat, though its yield penalty due to saline water did not appear to differ from that of the latter genotype.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
6
21
2016
12
1
Effect of Foliar Application of Iron, Zinc and Manganese on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Two Varieties of Grain Millet
121
132
FA
H.
Javadi
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
M. J.
Seghatoleslami
Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
GH. R.
Mousavi
Islamic Azad University,Birjand, Iran
In order to study the effect of foliar application of Fe, Zn and Mn on yield, yield components and protein content of two varieties of grain millet an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Birjand branch, Islamic Azad University at 2010. In this study two millet varieties including Bastan (Setaria italica) and Pishahang (Panicum miliaceum), and six levels of foliar micronutrient fertilizer including control, Fe, Zn, Mn, (Fe+Zn), (Fe+Zn+Mn) were investigated. The results indicated that, panicle length, 1000 grain weight and panicle number per m2 were higher in Pishahang than Bastan, but grain yield, number of seeds per panicle, harvest index and protein yield were higher in Bastan. Characteristics such as panicle length, biological yield and harvest index and protein percentage were affected by foliar micronutrient fertilizer but grain yield remained unchanged. Foliar application with (Fe+Zn+Mn) increased protein content compared to the control, but it did not affect protein yield. According to the results of this experiment, Bastan millet variety and foliar application of Zn is potent to produce the maximum grain yield, albeit it warrants further studies.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
6
21
2016
12
1
Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Forage Maize
133
145
FA
R.
Abasi
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ramin Agriculture and Natural University, Ahvaz, Iran.
S. A.
Siadat
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ramin Agriculture and Natural University, Ahvaz, Iran.
A.
Bakhshandeh
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ramin Agriculture and Natural University, Ahvaz, Iran.
S. Y.
Mosavi
Jahad Agricultural Organization of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran.
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of growth-promoting bacteria on yield and some traits of maize. This experiment was performed as a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Islamic Azad University, Izeh branch, Iran. The experimental factors included four strains of plant growth-promoting bacteria: Pseudomonas fluorescent 169 (B1), Pseudomonas fluorescent 79 (B2), Pseudomonas putida 108 (B3), Pseudomonas putida 159 (B4) and without bacteria (control, B5) and two corn varieties namely sc 704 (A1) and Bolson (A2). Before planting corn seeds were soaked with liquid inoculation. Plant height, number of leaves per plant and ear, forage yield, dry matter and dry matter digestibility of leaf, stem and ear, crude protein and cell wall without hemicellulose in the leaf, stem and ear were evaluated. Analysis of variances showed that the effects of varieties, bacteria and their interaction on all traits were significant. Plant height, number of leaves per plant and ear, forage yield, dry matter and stem dry matter digestibility were higher in Bolson. Moreover, dry matter digestibility of leaf and ear, crude protein and cell wall without hemicellulose in the leaf, stem and ear of sc 704 were greater, compared to hybrid Bolson. Plant height, number of leaves per plant and ear, forage yield, dry matter and dry matter digestibility of stem and ear were greater in at the presence of fluorescent strains than those of putida strains. The results revealed that bacterial inoculation enhances the grain yield, yield components and quality of forage maize. Bolson seemed potent to outperform sc 704, though this proposition needs further examination in future field trials.