Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
11
3
2021
11
1
Comparative Postharvest Losses of Short Day Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars in Uncontrolled Storage Conditions
1
17
FA
A.
Darabi
Agricultural, Research, Education and Exetention Organization
This research was conducted at the Behbahan Agriculture Research Station, Behbahan, south-west of Iran, for two years from 2016 to 2018 to study the postharvest losses of short-day onion cultivars in uncontrolled storage conditions (no heating, cooling and ventilation systems). Seeds were sown in nursery in early October and seedling transplanted at 2-3 leaf stage. Bulbs were harvested when 50-80% of foliage had dried and fallen and prepared for the experiment in both years. In the 1st year of experiment, the average of daily storage temperature and relative humidity ranged from 14.5 to 40.5°C and 27 to 60%, respectively. The average of daily storage temperature and relative humidity varied from 15 to 38 °C and 30 to 71%, respectively, in the 2nd year of experiment. This research was performed using a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design encompassing 80 treatments with 4 replications. Main plot consisted of 10 cultivars (‘Seba’, ‘Texas Early White’, ‘Imperateriz’, ‘Siroos’, ‘7030’, ‘X P red’, ‘Sapidan’, ‘Golden I’, ‘Texas Early Grano’ and ‘Primavera’) and bulbs evaluation in storage at eight times (one months after start of storage with one month interval) was considered as sub plot. The monthly bulb weight losses percentage decreased with time. The minimum weight loss (9.56%) was recorded in ‘Seba vultivar. The damage of black mold increased until the fourth month of storage and then decreased. ‘Sapidan’ was the most sensitive cultivar to damage of black mold (23.23%). The highest percentage of bulb rotting (29.65%) was observed in ‘Texas Early White’ cultivar. Bulb sprouting was observed from the fifth month of storage and the highest bulb sprouting (19.88%) belonged to ‘Siroos’ cultivar. Results were suggestive of difference in storability among cultivars, the maximum and minimum storability being recorded in ‘Seba’ and ‘Sapidan’, cultivars, respectively.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
11
3
2021
11
1
Evaluation of Relationships between Traits and New Sunflower Hybrids Using Genotype-Trait Biplot Analysis Method
19
33
FA
A.
Gholizadeh
Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
M.
Ghaffari
Oil Crops Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization
K.
Payghamzadeh
Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
Sh.
Kia
Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
Sunflower is an important crop that its oil has high nutritional and economic value. In this study, genotype-trait biplot method was used to study interrelationships between different traits and new sunflower hybrids. For this study, 24 new sunflower hybrids along with Golsa cultivar were evaluated in a simple lattice design with two replications in Gorgan Agriculture Research Station, Gorgan, north of Iran, during 2020 cropping season. The results showed that thousand seed weight, head diameter, seed number per head, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length had a positive correlation with seed yield. Also, a negative correlation was observed between seed yield and phonological traits and plant height. Therefore, it can be concluded that improving seed yield may simultaneously lead to improve in the early maturity and dwarfism. Based on biplot polygon view, the genotypes No. 5 and 19 had superior characteristics in terms of seed yield and its attributes. Also, based on a hypothetical ideal genotype biplot, the genotypes No. 3, 2 and 10 outranked the other genotypes in terms of all examined traits. A majority of the examined traits had high discriminating ability and were able to show differences between genotypes. The stem diameter was the nearest trait to an ideal trait and, therefore, it has the highest discriminating ability and representativeness.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
11
3
2021
11
1
Response of Tuber Yield and Some Physiological Growth Indices of Potato to Phosphate and Mycorrhizae under Moisture Stress
35
49
FA
M.
Rahmani
Bu-Ali Sina University
M. A.
Aboutalebian
Bu-Ali Sina University
In order to study the effect of mycorrhizae and phosphate fertilizer on some physiological indices of growth and tuber yield of potato under moisture stress conditions, a field experiment was conducted in spring and summer of 2018 in Hamedan, west of Iran. This research was done as a factorial with three factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was moisture stress at three levels of irrigation after 60 (control), 80 and 100 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan, the second factor was mycorrhizae (Glomus mossea) at two levels of application and non-application and the third factor was phosphate fertilizer at two levels of application and non-application. The results showed that in the absence of moisture stress, the maximum leaf area index decreased by 10.5% with use of mycorrhizae, but in moderate and severe moisture stress, the use of mycorrhizae increased it by 12.3% and 18.8%, respectively. Under severe moisture stress, mycorrhizae increased net assimilation rate and crop growth rate by 43.6% and 76%, respectively. At all three levels of moisture stress, the presence of mycorrhizae increased phosphorus agronomic efficiency. The presence of mycorrhizae in no-moisture stress had no effect on tuber yield, but at moderate and severe moisture stress, mycorrhizae improved it by 16.4% and 34.7%, respectively. In severe moisture stress condition, the application of phosphate increased tuber yield by only 15.8% compared to non-application of phosphate. Therefore, for potato production in conditions of moisture stress, the use of mycorrhizae with phosphate fertilizer is suitable.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
11
3
2021
11
1
Evaluation of Some Physiological Responses Related to Nitrogen and Remobilization of Nitrogen in Wheat Affected by Supplemental Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization
51
67
FA
L.
Moradi
University Of Kurdistan
A.
َSiosemardeh
University Of Kurdistan
Y.
Sohrabi
University Of Kurdistan
B.
Bahramnejad
University Of Kurdistan
ّF.
Hosseinpanahi
University Of Kurdistan
Accumulation of nitrogen in vegetative organs and its translocation to grain of wheat are important processes that determine the yield and quality. In order to investigate the effect of supplemental irrigation nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter remobilization, yield and yield components of three wheat cultivars a split-split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications at Research Field of Kurdistan University, Sanandaj, west of Iran, during 2016-2017. Treatments were two levels of Irrigation (rainfed and irrigation at the booting stage) as main-plots, three rainfed cultivars (Sardari, Azar2, and Rejaw) as subplot and three rates of nitrogen (50 kg/ha N (N1), 100 kg/ha N (N2) and 100 kg/ha N plus 20 kg/ha N (N3) foliar application in Heading stage) as sub-subplot. The results showed that supplementary irrigation increased the concentration of leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, proline, and glycine betaine and decreased the electrolyte leakage. Supplemental irrigation also increased leaf nitrogen, chaff and total nitrogen content at flowering stage. Rejaw cultivar had the highest leaf nitrogen remobilization efficiency and the lowest total nitrogen remobilization efficiency. N1 fertilizer treatment led to the lowest concentration of leaf chlorophyll a and b, proline, glycine betaine, and nitrogen, and stem, chaff and total nitrogen in both flowering and maturity stages. Nitrogen remobilization was affected by supplementary irrigation and different rates of nitrogen fertilizer. It seems that supplementary irrigation in the booting stage leads to an increase in nitrogen content in the vegetative organs, which is transferred to the grain during the seed filling stage.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
11
3
2021
11
1
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels, Planting and Tillage Methods on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Grain Yield of Rapeseed
(Brassica napus L.) as Second Crop in Rotation After Rice
69
83
FA
M.
Rabiee
University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
M.
Majidian
University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
M.
Kavoosi
Rasht
M.R.
Alizadeh
Rasht
In order to investigate the effects of tillage, planting method and the levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in planting Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a split factorial experiment in complete randomized block design was conducted with three replications at Research Fields of Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht during two cropping seasons of 2016-2018. In the experiment, three tillage methods including the conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage were considered as the main plots and two planting methods of direct planting and transplanting as well as the four amounts of nitrogen fertilizer of 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 N from urea source as factorial in sub plots. The interaction between the tillage and nitrogen amount indicated that the treatment combination of minimum tillage at 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen with the average of 4144.3 kg ha-1 had the highest grain yield. Treatment of 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen had the highest nitrogen agronomic efficiency (17.68 kg ha-1), nitrogen use efficiency (32.40 kg ha-1), nitrogen apparent recovery (71.85 kg ha-1), nitrogen harvest index (75.48 percent) and nitrogen physiological efficiency (47.98 kg kg-1). Increasing the nitrogen consumption decreased all the traits related to the nitrogen efficiency and these traits were in their minimum values in the treatment of 300 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. The interaction between the tillage and nitrogen showed that the treatment of minimum tillage at 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen with an average of 4144 kg ha-1 had the highest grain yield. In conclusion, the treatment of minimum tillage at 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen due to the high seed and oil yields and treatment of minimum tillage at 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen because of the high nitrogen consumption efficiency, energy saving and observance of the environmental issues are suitable for planting canola in paddy fields of Guilan province.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
11
3
2021
11
1
Evaluation of Seed Yield Stability of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes Using GGE Biplot Analysis
85
99
FA
F.
Sheikh
, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
R.
Sekhavat
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
H.
Asteraki
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
A.
Parkasi
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
M. A.
Aghajani
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
To investigate adoptability and pattern of G × E interaction, 15 faba bean lines as well as four check cultivars (including Barekat, Saraziri, Baloochi and Zereshki) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications in four agricultural research field stations of Gorgan, Dezful, Brojerd and , Iranshahr, Iran during two cropping seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017). Combined analysis of variance showed significant effects of location, year, year × location interaction, genotype × location interaction, genotype × year interaction and year × location × genotype interaction on grain yield. Stability in performance of the 19 genotypes was tested using GGE-Biplot approach across eight environments. GGE- Biplot analysis using a genotype × environment interaction (GEI) model explained 91.5% of total interaction effect variance. View of polygon graph revealed three superior mega-environments and the compatible genotypes were determined for each mega-environment; Gorgan (Line G15), Brojerd-Iranshahr (Line G3) and Iranshahr (Line G19). Lines G15, G7 and G13 with average seed yield of 3439, 3128 and 3094 kg ha-1, respectively, had higher seed yield and yield stability. Based on GEI and GGE- Biplot analysis, Gorgan and Brojerd experimental environments had good differentiation ability. Finally, genotypes G12, G14 and G15 were the most stable genotypes with wider adaptation to all the tested environments and can be recommended as the superior genotypes for being released as new commercial faba bean cultivars.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
11
3
2021
11
1
Effect of Humic Acid on Growth and Yield Indices of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in a Saline Soil
101
110
FA
M. R.
Tadayon
Shahrekord University
A.
Tadayyon
Shahrekord University
S.
Esmaili
Shahrekord University
This field experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effects of humic acid on the growth and yield of sunflower in a saline soil, using a complete block design with three replications in Kashan, central Iran, in 2014. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of humic acid (1, 3 and 6 liters per ha), no humic acid in soil with sufficient nitrogen, three liters of humic acid per ha in soil without sufficient nitrogen, control of humic acid in soil without sufficient nitrogen. The results showed that the use of humic acid left significant effect on all measured traits. The greatest increase in oil content, 1000 seed weight, head weight, seed yield, head diameter, stem diameter and number of leaves were obtained by use of 3 liters of humic acid in soil with sufficient nitrogen. Maximum increase in plant height and plant weight were obtained by using 6 liters humic acid in soil with sufficient nitrogen and the highest protein content was achieved by using 1 liter of humic acid per ha in soil with adequate nitrogen. The results of this experiment showed that the application of humic acid in a saline soil improves the growth and yield of sunflower plants.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
11
3
2021
11
1
Growth Characteristics and Yield Evalution of Dual Purpose Corn Hybrids in Two Levels of Urea Fertigation
111
124
FA
Z.
Eskandari
Ilam university
A.
Taab
Ilam university
H. R.
eshghizadeh
Isfahan University of Technology
M.
Khorvash
Isfahan University of Technology
To study the response of corn hybrids to nitrogen under different conditions two field experiments were conducted in a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Lavark and Shervedan Research Farms of College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, in 2016. The nitrogen fertilizer management (including 150 and 200 kg ha-1 in Lavark; and 200 and 250 kg ha-1 in Shervedan) regions was assigned to main plots and 20 grain–silage corn hybrids were assigned to subplots. The results showed that increased nitrogen fertilizer improve the LAI and CGR in corn hybrids. At Shervedan region, plant height in Maxima corn hybrid significantly increased by increasing of nitrogen. Increased nitogen fertilizer, also increased the amount of photosynthetic pigments in Shervedan and chlorophyll a content in Lavark region. The highest biological and grain yield were, respectively, obtained in AGN591 (29800 kg ha-1) and Maxima (13150 kg ha-1) hybrids in Shervedan region and in AGN756 (27200 kg ha-1) and AGN735 (11692 kg ha-1)in Lavark region with increased application of nitrogen. Therefore, depending on the purpose of the production system (e.g. grain or silage) the results of this research can be used to select corn hybrid and proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer to obtain acceptable yields and also reduce the adverse environmental effects of improper application of nitrogen fertilizers.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
11
3
2021
11
1
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivars Yield Response to Nitrogen Rates Under Full and Deficit Irrigation
125
137
FA
M.
Gholamhoseini
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
H.
Assadi
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
M. H.
Davoodi
Soil and water Research Institute
Evaluating the response of sesame cultivars to different irrigation and nitrogen treatments plays a pivotal role in the optimal use of resources and increasing production. Hence, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design arranged in split-factorial with three replications in Karaj (Research Farms of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute) during 2017 and 2018. In this experiment, irrigation treatments at two levels, including deficit irrigation and full irrigation, were allocated to main plots, and different amounts of nitrogen (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha-1) and sesame cultivars (Oltan, Dashtestan 2 and Naz) were appointed to the sub-plots. The results indicated that in all cultivars, the effect of nitrogen on yield and yield components decreased due to water deficit conditions. However, the response of the Dashtestan 2 cultivar to nitrogen under water deficit conditions was better than two other cultivars. The results also showed that under deficit irrigation condition, only in Dashtestan 2, the application of more than 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer is recommended to achieve maximum seed yield (595 kg ha-1), while under complete irrigation condition, in addition to Dashtestan 2 cultivar, seed yield in Oltan cultivar also showed a positive and significant response to nitrogen fertilizer application at a level above 60 kg ha-1 and the maximum seed yield in this cultivar (1138 kg ha-1) was obtained when 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen was applied. In contrast, even under complete irrigation conditions, nitrogen fertilizer application of more than 60 kg ha-1 did not significantly affect increasing see yield in Naz cultivar, which is not a recommended practice.
Isfahan University of Technology - Journal of Crop Production and Processing
2251-8517
11
3
2021
11
1
The Effect of Salicylic Acid Application on Reducing the Effect of Cold Stress Due to Delayed Planting in Rapeseed Genotypes
(Brassica napus L.)
139
156
FA
K.
EskandariZanjani
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
M.
Goldani
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
A.
Nezami
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
A. H.
Shirani Rad
Seed and Plant Research Improvement Institute
F.
Shekari
Zanjan University
In order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid application on reducing the effects of cold stress due to delayed planting in rapeseed genotypes, this experiment was conducted as a factorial-split plot during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran. Interaction of the sowing date (11th September and 7th October) and salicylic acid (control (spray with distilled water), 250 µM and 500 µM) were as the main-plot and rapeseed genotypes (Karaj-3, L14, Okapi, Zarfam) were assigned to subplots. The effect of planting date* salicylic acid* genotype on winter survival percentage, grain yield and its components, harvest index, and biomass was significant. Delayed planting reduced survival percentage of all rapeseed genotypes; but the severity of reduction varied depending on the genotype. It was also found that the decrease in survival percentage due to delay in planting can be partially compensated for by the use of salicylic acid, which varied depending on the salicylic acid concentration and genotype. Delayed planting date reduced grain yield in all genotypes and salicylic acid application had the opposite effect and increased grain yield. Karaj-3 had the highest grain yield on 7th October planting date and 500 µM salicylic acid, while Zarfam had the lowest grain yield on 11 September and 0 µM salicylic acid. Application of salicylic acid compensated for part of the reduction in yield due to delay in planting, so that the lack of application of salicylic acid and the use of 250 and 500 μM salicylic acid in planting on 7 October caused grain yield reduction in Karaj-3 genotype by 36, 31 and 18% respectively, compared to 11 September, while grain yield in L14 genotype showed 26, 21 and 8% reduction respectively, compared to 11 September planting date. The grain yield of Zarfam genotype at delayed planting date decreased by 9% and 5% and increased by 13%, respectively, in conditions of non-application and application of 250 and 500 μM salicylic acid compared to the 11 September planting date. There was a positive significant correlation between grain yield components and winter survival percentage. Although delayed planting reduced grain yield, yeld components, harvest index, and biomass in all genotypes, the severity of the decrease varied among the genotypes. Consumption of salicylic acid moderated the effect of delay in planting and this modulatory effect was higher in the application of salicylic acid with a concentration of 500 μM than 250 μM. In general, the results showed that in both planting dates, the Karaj-3 genotype had the highest grain yield in all salicylic acid levels, so it is recommended for planting in areas with similar conditions.