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Nazari M R, Majidi M M, Mirlohi A, Hajihadi F. Effects of Occurrence of Drought Stress in Maternal Environment on Cardinal Temperatures and Germination Responses of Carthamus Species . Journal of Crop Production and Processing 2018; 7 (4) :1-14
URL: http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2564-en.html
Isfahan University of Technology , majidi@cc.iut.ac.ir
Abstract:   (2870 Views)

Safflower (Carthamustinctorius L.) is one of the oldest domesticated crops, mainly grown as an oilseed in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. This study was conducted to investigate the Cardinal temperatures and to identify the effects of occurrence of drought stress in maternal environment on seed germination aspects of some Carthamus species according to a completely randomized design in 2014. To accomplish this, seeds of 13 genotypes from C. tinctorius, C. palaestinus, C. oxyacanthus, C. glaucus and C. lanatus were used which had been harvested from plants grown at normal and drought stress conditions. Seeds were subjected to 9 fixed temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°C) for germination in the growth chamber according to a factorial experiment. Results showed that the effects of genotype, species, temperature, pretreatment drought stress and some of their interactions were significant for certain germination characteristics at 0.05% probability level. Significant reductions occurred in the germination rate of seeds at temperatures below 10°C and above 30°C. Although there were significant differences in percent of seed germination among species, seeds harvested from drought stressed plants were not significantly different from the ones harvested from non-stressed plants in terms of cardinal temperatures. Hence, it is more likely that cardinal temperatures will not cause difficulties in the case of inter-specific breeding programs for drought tolerant safflower cultivar development.

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Type of Study: Research | Subject: General

References
1. 1. Arslan B., E. Esendal and C. Paşa. 2008. The economically important traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars and lines cultivated in Tekirdag, Turkey. In: 7th INternational Safflower Conference. Wagga Wagga, Australia.
2. 2. Balashahri, M., R. Farhadi, R. mehdizade Dehostai, I. Ghadiri and M. Rahimi. 2013. Evaluation of cardinal temperatures and germination response to temperature in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Medicinal plant. american science 9: 56-60.
3. 3. Boroumand Rezazadeh, Z. and A. Koocheki. 2006. Evaluation of cardinal temperature for three species of medicinal plants, Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and Dill (Anethum graveolens). BIABAN (Desert Journal) 11: 11-16.
4. 4. Bruce, T. J., M. C. Matthes, J. A. Napier and J. A. Pickett. 2007. Stressful ‘‘memories’’ of plants: Evidence and possible mechanisms. Plant Science 173: 603-608.
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7. 7. Dajue, L. and H. H. Mündel, 1996. Safflower. Carthamus tinctorius L. 7. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
8. 8. Heidari, Z., B. Kamkar and J. M. Sinaki. 2014. Determination of Cardinal Temperatures of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) Germination. Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research 1: 1-7.
9. 9. Iftikhar Hussain, M., D. A. Lyra, M. Farooq, N. Nikoloudakis and N. Khalid. 2015. Salt and drought stresses in safflower. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 36: 1-32.
10. 10. Kubalaa, S., Ł. Wojtyla, M. Quinet, K. Lechowska, S. Lutts and M. Garnczarska. 2015. Enhanced expression of the proline synthesis gene P5CSA in relation to seed osmopriming improvement of Brassica napus germination under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 183: 1–12.
11. 11. Majidi, M. M., V. Tavakoli, A. Mirlohi and M. R. Sabzalian. 2011. Wild safflower species (Carthamus oxyacanthus Bieb.): A possible source of drought tolerance for arid environments. Australian journal of crop science 5: 1055-1063.
12. 12. Mayerhofer, M., R. Mayerhofer, D. Topinka, J. Christianson and A. G Good. 2011. Introgression potential between safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and wild relatives of the genus Carthamus. BMC Plant Biology 11:47.
13. 13. Parmoona, G., S. A. Moosavib, H. Akbari and A. Ebadi. 2015. Quantifying cardinal temperatures and thermal time required for germination of Silybum marianum seed. The Crop Journal 3: 145-151.
14. 14. Ranal, M. A. and D. G. Santana. 2006. How and why to measure the germination process? Revista Brasil Bot 29: 1-11.
15. 15. Salem, N., K. Msaada, W. Dhifi, J. Sriti, H. Mejri, F. Limam and B. Marzouk. 2014. Effect of drought on safflower natural dyes and their biological activities. EXCLI Journal 13: 1-18.
16. 16. Torabi, B., M. Adibniya and A. Rahimi. 2015. Seedling emergence response to temperature in safflower: Measurements and modeling. International Journal of Plant Production 9: 393-412.
17. 17. Yan, W. and L. A. Hunt. 1999. An Equation for Modelling the Temperature Response of Plants using only the Cardinal Temperatures. Annals of Botany 84: 607-614.
18. 18. Zeinali, E., A. Soltani, S. Galeshi and S. J. Sadati. 2010. Cardinal temperatures, response to temperature and range of thermal tolerance for seed germination in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Electronic Journal of Crop Plant. 3: 23-42. (In Farsi).
19. 1. Arslan B., E. Esendal and C. Paşa. 2008. The economically important traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars and lines cultivated in Tekirdag, Turkey. In: 7th INternational Safflower Conference. Wagga Wagga, Australia.
20. 2. Balashahri, M., R. Farhadi, R. mehdizade Dehostai, I. Ghadiri and M. Rahimi. 2013. Evaluation of cardinal temperatures and germination response to temperature in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Medicinal plant. american science 9: 56-60.
21. 3. Boroumand Rezazadeh, Z. and A. Koocheki. 2006. Evaluation of cardinal temperature for three species of medicinal plants, Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and Dill (Anethum graveolens). BIABAN (Desert Journal) 11: 11-16.
22. 4. Bruce, T. J., M. C. Matthes, J. A. Napier and J. A. Pickett. 2007. Stressful ‘‘memories’’ of plants: Evidence and possible mechanisms. Plant Science 173: 603-608.
23. 5. Chinnusamy, V. and J. K. Zhu. 2009. Epigenetic regulation of stress responses in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 12: 133-139.
24. 6. Cuk, K., M. Gogala, M. Tkalec and Z. Vidakovic-Cifrek. 2010. Transgenerational stress memory in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh.: antioxidative enzymes and HSP70. Acta Botanica Croat 69: 183–197.
25. 7. Dajue, L. and H. H. Mündel, 1996. Safflower. Carthamus tinctorius L. 7. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
26. 8. Heidari, Z., B. Kamkar and J. M. Sinaki. 2014. Determination of Cardinal Temperatures of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) Germination. Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research 1: 1-7.
27. 9. Iftikhar Hussain, M., D. A. Lyra, M. Farooq, N. Nikoloudakis and N. Khalid. 2015. Salt and drought stresses in safflower. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 36: 1-32.
28. 10. Kubalaa, S., Ł. Wojtyla, M. Quinet, K. Lechowska, S. Lutts and M. Garnczarska. 2015. Enhanced expression of the proline synthesis gene P5CSA in relation to seed osmopriming improvement of Brassica napus germination under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 183: 1–12.
29. 11. Majidi, M. M., V. Tavakoli, A. Mirlohi and M. R. Sabzalian. 2011. Wild safflower species (Carthamus oxyacanthus Bieb.): A possible source of drought tolerance for arid environments. Australian journal of crop science 5: 1055-1063.
30. 12. Mayerhofer, M., R. Mayerhofer, D. Topinka, J. Christianson and A. G Good. 2011. Introgression potential between safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and wild relatives of the genus Carthamus. BMC Plant Biology 11:47.
31. 13. Parmoona, G., S. A. Moosavib, H. Akbari and A. Ebadi. 2015. Quantifying cardinal temperatures and thermal time required for germination of Silybum marianum seed. The Crop Journal 3: 145-151.
32. 14. Ranal, M. A. and D. G. Santana. 2006. How and why to measure the germination process? Revista Brasil Bot 29: 1-11.
33. 15. Salem, N., K. Msaada, W. Dhifi, J. Sriti, H. Mejri, F. Limam and B. Marzouk. 2014. Effect of drought on safflower natural dyes and their biological activities. EXCLI Journal 13: 1-18.
34. 16. Torabi, B., M. Adibniya and A. Rahimi. 2015. Seedling emergence response to temperature in safflower: Measurements and modeling. International Journal of Plant Production 9: 393-412.
35. 17. Yan, W. and L. A. Hunt. 1999. An Equation for Modelling the Temperature Response of Plants using only the Cardinal Temperatures. Annals of Botany 84: 607-614.
36. 18. Zeinali, E., A. Soltani, S. Galeshi and S. J. Sadati. 2010. Cardinal temperatures, response to temperature and range of thermal tolerance for seed germination in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Electronic Journal of Crop Plant. 3: 23-42. (In Farsi).

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