Journal of Crop Production and Processing

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In order to investigate some physiological responses and grain yield of five chickpea cultivars under different levels of moisture and salinity, two experiments (i.e. a pot and a field experiment) were conducted in 2012. In the pot experiment, effects of four salt levels (i.e. control, 50, 75 and 100 mM of NaCl) on five chickpea cultivars, i.e. Arman, Azad, Hashem, ILC-482 and Noorabad were studied in a 3-replicate factorial completely random design experiment. In the field experiment, responses of the latter cultivars to four moisture regimes (i.e. no irrigation, irrigation after 75, 100 and 150 mm of evaporation) based on evaporation from a Class-A Standard Pan were evaluated in a 3-replicate split-plot randomized complete block experiment. Data obtained from the pot experiment indicated that proline accumulation, Na⁺ concentration and Na⁺/K⁺ were increased, but K⁺ concentration, relative water content and plant dry mass were decreased with increase in salt level. Since cultivar ILC-482 tended to indicate a greater proline concentration, in contrary to a smaller Na⁺ concentration and plant dry mass, compared to the remaining cultivars, it seemed to be more tolerant to the salinity. Data from the field experiment confirmed that delayed irrigation leads to increase in proline accumulation and decreases in leaf area index, plant dry mass and grain yield. Irrigating chickpea after 75, 100 and 150 mm evaporation resulted in 1964, 1675 and 1503 kg/ha of grain yield, leading to 114%, 84% and 64% increases in grain yield, respectively, compared to the no irrigation control. Cultivars Noorabad and Hashem produced the greatest (i.e. 1610 kg/ha) and smallest (i.e. 1361 kg/ha) grain yields, respectively. According to the findings of this one-year field study, seeding cultivar Noorabad concomitant to irrigation after 150 mm evaporation could, perhaps, lead to a substantial increase in grain yield in Noorabad region of the Lorestan Province in Iran. Though, cultivar ILC482 tended to indicate a more stable plant dry mass, when subjected to different irrigation regimes and different levels of saline water.

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In order to unravel the potential mitigating effects of seed priming on salt-stressed chickpea (Cicer arietinum), a
4-replicate factorial out-door completely random design pot experiment was conducted on Arman cultivar of chickpea at the research field of the Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan (Latitude of 32° 38' North, Longitude of 51° 39' East, and an Altitude of 1620 m above sea level), Iran. Irrigation water salinity at four levels (0, 25, 50, and 75 mM NaCl) and seed priming at four levels, including control (non-priming), priming with mannitol (5%), NaCl (0.5%) and KCl (0.5%) were tested. Na⁺ and K⁺ concentrations and Na⁺/K⁺ were increased, but Ca⁺² concentration, days to physiological maturity, seed yield, fertile pods/plant, seeds/pod, above-ground dry mass, and harvest index were decreased with aggravation of salinity. Chickpea seed priming by NaCl and KCl led to increase in yield components and hence seed yield of the salt-stricken plants, compared to non-primed and mannitol-primed plants due, seemingly, to decrease in tissue Na⁺ concentration. Albeit, priming-associated modifications in Na⁺ and Ca⁺² concentrations, fertile pods/plant, seeds/pod, seed yield, and harvest index varied with the level of salinity. In contrary to the non-primed chickpea, plants receiving priming were able to produce fertile pods, due perhaps to the mitigative effects of the priming on salt-stricken plants. All results, taken together, confirm that the salt-sensitive legume chickpea may be harmed by 50 mM salinity of irrigation water but seed priming by NaCl and KCl may suppress the harmful effects.