Journal of Crop Production and Processing

In order to increase the quality of agricultural products and improve healthy food production systems, application of organic fertilizers has become very important in agroecosystems. To investigate the effect of different concentrations and time of humic acid foliar application on the qualitative characteristics and shoot and grain micronutrients content of Triticale, an experiment was conducted at the Research Field of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experimental design was a split plot based on the randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments included the time of foliar application at four levels (tillering, stem elongation, flag leaf, anthesis) in the main plot and spraying concentrations at four levels (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg L^-1) in the sub plots. The results showed that the foliar application of humic acid at the flag leaf and anthesis stages had the greatest impact on the plant physiological traits. The highest chlorophyll b content, leaf area index and total chlorophyll (SPAD) were obtained from the application of 600 mg L^-1 humic acid and the highest chlorophyll a content was gained from the spraying of 400 mg L^-1. The maximum grain iron (40.44 mg kg^-1) was related to the spraying of 200 mg L^-1   of fertilizer at the tillering stage. The highest protein yield (745.65 kg ha^-1) was obtained from the foliar application of 200 mg L^-1 humic acid in the flag leaf stage. The highest amount of manganese (30.73 mg kg^-1) was related to the application at the stem elongation stage and the concentration of 200 mg L^-1. Based on the findings of this study, humic acid foliar application can increase the accumulation of micronutrients in plant and improve the qualitative traits of triticale.

In order to study the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation and zeolite-enriched manure compost on photosynthetic pigments content and qualitative properties of triticale grain, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized complete block design with four replications were conducted at Research Field of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan during 2016-2017 growing season. The experimental factors included mycorrhiza application at two levels (application and non-application of mycorrhiza), and mixing of zeolite to manure in six levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% w/w of zeolite/manure). According to the results, under conditions of mycorrhiza application with increasing zeolite up to 15% leaf greenness index (SPAD) increased but decreased afterwards. The highest chlorophyll a (2.68 mg g^-1) was obtained from 15% zeolite treatment and the lowest (1.82 mg g^-1) was detected in control. Mycorrhiza inoculation caused a 14% increase in carotenoid content compared to non-inoculation. Grain phosphorus content (0.43 mg kg^-1) was increased in mycorrhiza inoculation condition compared to non-inoculation (0.37 mg kg^-1). Under inoculation conditions, the highest grain yield (3510.7 kg ha^-1) belonged to application of 10% zeolite. Under non-inoculation condition more zeolite was needed (in compare to inoculation treatment) to obtain the highest grain yield. The highest protein yield (329.97 kg ha^-1) was obtained from mycorrhiza inoculation treatment with 15% zeolite and the lowest protein yield (1152 kg ha^-1) was obtained from mycorrhiza inoculation treatment with 25% zeolite. Finally, the results of this study showed that the application of zeolite in manure and inoculation of mycorrhiza fungi can increase the concentration of photosynthetic pigments and grain quality of triticale.

In order to evaluate the effect of different planting seedbeds (stale and false) and application of Oxyfluorfen herbicide on yield, yield components and control of garlic weeds, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the cropping year 2020-2021 at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The main plot consisted of different planting seedbeds: Conventional seedbed (without irrigation using plow and disc); stale seedbed (using Paraquat herbicide); stale seedbed (using Glyphosate herbicide); false seedbed (using flame application) and false seedbed (with manual cultivation). Different dosages of Oxyfluorfen herbicide (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 L/ha as split dosage) were considered as subplots. The highest total dry weight of weeds (231 g/m2) was observed in the presence of conventional seedbed treatment and non-application of herbicide. The lowest dry weight of weeds was observed in the presence of stale seedbed with glyphosate and application of 2 L/ha of Oxyfluorfen herbicide. The highest bulb yield of garlic (580 g/m2) was achieved in the presence of glyphosate seedbeds with application of herbicide at 1.5 L/ha and the lowest bulb yield (91.2 g/m2) was observed in the presence of conventional seedbed and non-application of herbicide. In conclusion, application of 2 L/ha herbicide in split doses was recommended.