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2026, 16(1): 37-58 |
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Khoshhal-Zolpirani F, Majidian M, Banaeian N, Sabouri A. Effect of Tillage Methods and Integrated Nutrition on Yield, Oil and Protein Percentage and Energy Indices of Rapeseed
(Brassica napus L.) under Dryland Conditions. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 2026; 16 (1) :37-58
URL: http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3397-en.html
URL: http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3397-en.html
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. , ma_majidian@guilan.ac.ir
Abstract: (52 Views)
Extended Abstract
Introduction:In addition to its economic advantages, sustainable agriculture plays a vital role in preserving essential production resources such as water, soil, and the environment. Considering that a substantial portion of Iran’s agricultural lands suffer from nutrient deficiencies, the integration of organic fertilizers with other crop management practices can significantly improve rapeseed yields while reducing the energy demand associated with nitrogen-based fertilizers. In this context, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and determining optimal fertilizer application rates tailored to specific climatic, soil, and crop conditions are of critical importance.
Materials and Methods:To investigate the effect of tillage methods and integrated nutrient management on yield and energy indices of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under dryland conditions, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during the 2023–2024 and 2024–2025 cropping seasons at the research farm affiliated with the Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization of Guilan Province, north of Iran. Main factor was tillage method at three levels (no-tillage, minimum tillage, and conventional tillage), and the sub-factor was integrated nutrient management at ten levels, including 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha⁻¹ of nitrogen, 5, 10, and 15 tons ha⁻¹ of farmyard manure, as well as combined treatments of nitrogen and manure (25 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 2.5 tons ha⁻¹ manure, 50 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 5 tons ha⁻¹ manure, and 75 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 7.5 tons ha⁻¹ manure).
Results: Findings showed that conventional tillage led to higher yields compared to reduced and no-tillage systems. The highest and lowest grain yields (1490 kg ha⁻¹ and 1041 kg ha⁻¹, respectively) were obtained from conventional tillage and no-tillage systems. Moreover, the integrated treatment of 75 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen combined with 7.5 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure produced the highest grain yield (1343 kg ha⁻¹). Maximum oil content (26%) in the second year was observed under the conventional tillage system with the application of 15 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure. The highest seed protein content in the first year (7.5%) and the second year (8.4%) was observed under the conventional tillage system. Also, the treatment with 50 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 5 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure had the highest seed protein content (8.1%) in the first year. In the second year, the treatment with 75 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 7.5 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure showed the highest protein content (9.4%), which was not significantly different from the treatment of 50 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 5 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure. In terms of energy indices, the treatment with 15 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure showed the highest energy use efficiency (10.8 kg MJ⁻¹).
Conclusions:Based on results of this study, the interactive effects of tillage system type and the type and level of plant nutrition (including nitrogen fertilizer, farmyard manure, and their integrated combinations) on agronomic performance,
product quality, energy use efficiency indices, and environmental sustainability of canola cultivation were comprehensively investigated. The findings showed that both the tillage system and the type and level of plant nutrition (nitrogen, manure, and integrated treatments) had significant effects on grain yield, oil content, energy use efficiency indices, and environmental sustainability of rapeseed. The highest grain yield was achieved under the conventional tillage system combined with 75 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen and 7.5 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure, while the integrated treatment of 15 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure showed the highest positive energy indices. Moreover, results indicated that increasing nitrogen application in integrated treatments increased grain yield and protein content but decreased oil content. Treatments based on farmyard manure, especially in the conventional tillage system, had higher energy efficiency compared to other treatments. Another important finding was the significant difference in net energy indices among tillage methods. This difference indicates that selecting the appropriate tillage method can directly impact energy consumption and output, ultimately leading to reduced negative environmental impacts. The use of reduced tillage methods and minimized chemical inputs, alongside targeted and proper use of organic fertilizers, can help reduce nitrogen loss, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance the long-term sustainability of canola production. These approaches are not only environmentally beneficial but also economically feasible and profitable for farmers.
Introduction:In addition to its economic advantages, sustainable agriculture plays a vital role in preserving essential production resources such as water, soil, and the environment. Considering that a substantial portion of Iran’s agricultural lands suffer from nutrient deficiencies, the integration of organic fertilizers with other crop management practices can significantly improve rapeseed yields while reducing the energy demand associated with nitrogen-based fertilizers. In this context, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and determining optimal fertilizer application rates tailored to specific climatic, soil, and crop conditions are of critical importance.
Materials and Methods:To investigate the effect of tillage methods and integrated nutrient management on yield and energy indices of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under dryland conditions, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during the 2023–2024 and 2024–2025 cropping seasons at the research farm affiliated with the Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization of Guilan Province, north of Iran. Main factor was tillage method at three levels (no-tillage, minimum tillage, and conventional tillage), and the sub-factor was integrated nutrient management at ten levels, including 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha⁻¹ of nitrogen, 5, 10, and 15 tons ha⁻¹ of farmyard manure, as well as combined treatments of nitrogen and manure (25 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 2.5 tons ha⁻¹ manure, 50 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 5 tons ha⁻¹ manure, and 75 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 7.5 tons ha⁻¹ manure).
Results: Findings showed that conventional tillage led to higher yields compared to reduced and no-tillage systems. The highest and lowest grain yields (1490 kg ha⁻¹ and 1041 kg ha⁻¹, respectively) were obtained from conventional tillage and no-tillage systems. Moreover, the integrated treatment of 75 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen combined with 7.5 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure produced the highest grain yield (1343 kg ha⁻¹). Maximum oil content (26%) in the second year was observed under the conventional tillage system with the application of 15 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure. The highest seed protein content in the first year (7.5%) and the second year (8.4%) was observed under the conventional tillage system. Also, the treatment with 50 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 5 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure had the highest seed protein content (8.1%) in the first year. In the second year, the treatment with 75 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 7.5 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure showed the highest protein content (9.4%), which was not significantly different from the treatment of 50 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen + 5 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure. In terms of energy indices, the treatment with 15 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure showed the highest energy use efficiency (10.8 kg MJ⁻¹).
Conclusions:Based on results of this study, the interactive effects of tillage system type and the type and level of plant nutrition (including nitrogen fertilizer, farmyard manure, and their integrated combinations) on agronomic performance,
product quality, energy use efficiency indices, and environmental sustainability of canola cultivation were comprehensively investigated. The findings showed that both the tillage system and the type and level of plant nutrition (nitrogen, manure, and integrated treatments) had significant effects on grain yield, oil content, energy use efficiency indices, and environmental sustainability of rapeseed. The highest grain yield was achieved under the conventional tillage system combined with 75 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen and 7.5 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure, while the integrated treatment of 15 tons ha⁻¹ farmyard manure showed the highest positive energy indices. Moreover, results indicated that increasing nitrogen application in integrated treatments increased grain yield and protein content but decreased oil content. Treatments based on farmyard manure, especially in the conventional tillage system, had higher energy efficiency compared to other treatments. Another important finding was the significant difference in net energy indices among tillage methods. This difference indicates that selecting the appropriate tillage method can directly impact energy consumption and output, ultimately leading to reduced negative environmental impacts. The use of reduced tillage methods and minimized chemical inputs, alongside targeted and proper use of organic fertilizers, can help reduce nitrogen loss, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance the long-term sustainability of canola production. These approaches are not only environmentally beneficial but also economically feasible and profitable for farmers.
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