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Rabiee M, Shaker Kouhi S. Evaluation of Morpho-Phenological Characteristics, Yield and Yield Components of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes in Rotation with Rice in Paddy Field. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 2026; 16 (2) :1-17
URL: http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3401-en.html
URL: http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3401-en.html
Department of Seed Improvement, Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran. , rabiee_md@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: (15 Views)
Extended Abstract:
Introduction: The occurrence of fertile soils, long growing season, favorable environmental conditions from the rice harvest until its planting in the next year are significant advantages, making the paddy fields of Northern provinces of Iran a good candidate for second crop after rice harvesting. Nevertheless, unfortunately, most of these paddy fields are left unused for about 7 months after rice harvesting. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important legume species cultivated in the North of Iran. Faba bean seeds, containing abundant bioactive phytochemicals, are a good source of nutrients for human consumption. The rice‒faba bean system, in which rice is planted as a summer crop and faba bean as a winter crop, is considered a sustainable system with various advantages. The development of faba bean as a second crop after rice harvesting can be an effective strategy for increasing land productivity, sustainable rice production, increasing paddy farmers' income and ensuring food security. This research was conducted to evaluate the morpho-phenological characteristics, yield and yield components of different faba bean genotypes in paddy field conditions of Guilan province, north of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research fields of Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht, north of Iran, during two cropping seasons of 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. The experimental treatments included five varieties (Feyz, Barkat, Shadan, Mahta and Hamoun) and promising line of faba bean (WRB1-5). In this study, traits such as days to emergence, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% pod setting, days to maturity, plant height, branches/plant, height of the lower pod, pods/plant, grains/pod, pod length, green pod yield, grain yield and protein concentration were evaluated. The protein concentration of samples was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Data was analyzed using SAS 9.2, and mean comparisons were done by least significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% probability level. Spearman correlation analysis was performed using R software to explore the relationship between yield and morpho-phenological characteristics.
Results and Discussion: Based on the results of combined analysis of variance, significant differences were observed among faba bean genotypes for all measured parameters, indicating substantial genetic variability. The results of correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the phenological stages of faba bean genotypes. Accordingly, Feyz variety showed the lowest number of days to 50% flowering (130), number of days to 50% pod setting (153) and number of days to maturity (189). Strong positive correlation was observed between grain yield with branches/plant (r=0.77**), pods/plant (r=0.80**), grains/pod (r=0.87**), pod length (r=0.79**) and green pod yield (r=0.92**). Mean comparison showed that the second year of the experiment had higher green pod yield (24518 kg ha-1) and grain yield (5060 kg ha-1) compared to the first year. Between faba bean genotypes, the maximum pod length (24.8 cm) and height of the lower pod (27.6 cm) were obtained for Feyz variety. The Barkat variety ranked first in terms of plant height (149 cm) and branches/plant (6.4). The lowest pod length (11.7 cm) and height of the lower pod (19.2 cm) were obtained in Mahta variety. The line WRB1-5 had the lowest plant height (122 cm) and branches/plant (3.9). The highest pods/plant (24.3) and grains/pod (6.8) were observed in Barkat and Feyz varieties, respectively. Among faba bean genotypes, Mahta variety had higher protein concentration (32.1%). The highest green pod yield with an average of 28883 and 27217 kg ha-1 and the highest grain yield with an average of 6025 and 5653 kg ha-1 were obtained from Feyz and Barkat , respectively. The Shadan variety was in the next rank. The lowest green pod yield (17181 kg ha-1) and grain yield (3662 kg ha-1) were obtained in Mahta variety.
Conclusions: According to the results of present study, to achieve optimal yield, as well as greater economic advantage, the Feyz, Barkat and to some extent Shadan varieties, are recommended for faba bean cultivation as a second crop in paddy fields of Guilan province. These findings suggest that the rice‒faba bean system could play a pivotal role in improving paddy farmers' income and sustainable rice production in the studied area.
Introduction: The occurrence of fertile soils, long growing season, favorable environmental conditions from the rice harvest until its planting in the next year are significant advantages, making the paddy fields of Northern provinces of Iran a good candidate for second crop after rice harvesting. Nevertheless, unfortunately, most of these paddy fields are left unused for about 7 months after rice harvesting. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important legume species cultivated in the North of Iran. Faba bean seeds, containing abundant bioactive phytochemicals, are a good source of nutrients for human consumption. The rice‒faba bean system, in which rice is planted as a summer crop and faba bean as a winter crop, is considered a sustainable system with various advantages. The development of faba bean as a second crop after rice harvesting can be an effective strategy for increasing land productivity, sustainable rice production, increasing paddy farmers' income and ensuring food security. This research was conducted to evaluate the morpho-phenological characteristics, yield and yield components of different faba bean genotypes in paddy field conditions of Guilan province, north of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research fields of Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht, north of Iran, during two cropping seasons of 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. The experimental treatments included five varieties (Feyz, Barkat, Shadan, Mahta and Hamoun) and promising line of faba bean (WRB1-5). In this study, traits such as days to emergence, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% pod setting, days to maturity, plant height, branches/plant, height of the lower pod, pods/plant, grains/pod, pod length, green pod yield, grain yield and protein concentration were evaluated. The protein concentration of samples was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Data was analyzed using SAS 9.2, and mean comparisons were done by least significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% probability level. Spearman correlation analysis was performed using R software to explore the relationship between yield and morpho-phenological characteristics.
Results and Discussion: Based on the results of combined analysis of variance, significant differences were observed among faba bean genotypes for all measured parameters, indicating substantial genetic variability. The results of correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the phenological stages of faba bean genotypes. Accordingly, Feyz variety showed the lowest number of days to 50% flowering (130), number of days to 50% pod setting (153) and number of days to maturity (189). Strong positive correlation was observed between grain yield with branches/plant (r=0.77**), pods/plant (r=0.80**), grains/pod (r=0.87**), pod length (r=0.79**) and green pod yield (r=0.92**). Mean comparison showed that the second year of the experiment had higher green pod yield (24518 kg ha-1) and grain yield (5060 kg ha-1) compared to the first year. Between faba bean genotypes, the maximum pod length (24.8 cm) and height of the lower pod (27.6 cm) were obtained for Feyz variety. The Barkat variety ranked first in terms of plant height (149 cm) and branches/plant (6.4). The lowest pod length (11.7 cm) and height of the lower pod (19.2 cm) were obtained in Mahta variety. The line WRB1-5 had the lowest plant height (122 cm) and branches/plant (3.9). The highest pods/plant (24.3) and grains/pod (6.8) were observed in Barkat and Feyz varieties, respectively. Among faba bean genotypes, Mahta variety had higher protein concentration (32.1%). The highest green pod yield with an average of 28883 and 27217 kg ha-1 and the highest grain yield with an average of 6025 and 5653 kg ha-1 were obtained from Feyz and Barkat , respectively. The Shadan variety was in the next rank. The lowest green pod yield (17181 kg ha-1) and grain yield (3662 kg ha-1) were obtained in Mahta variety.
Conclusions: According to the results of present study, to achieve optimal yield, as well as greater economic advantage, the Feyz, Barkat and to some extent Shadan varieties, are recommended for faba bean cultivation as a second crop in paddy fields of Guilan province. These findings suggest that the rice‒faba bean system could play a pivotal role in improving paddy farmers' income and sustainable rice production in the studied area.
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