Volume 14, Issue 2 (5-2024)
2024, 14(2): 31-50 |
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Hajiamiri A, Mohammadkhani A, Gholami R. Changes in the Content of Nutrients, Starch and Protein in On and Off Years in Three Local Olive Cultivars in Kermanshah, West of Iran. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 2024; 14 (2) :31-50
URL: http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3298-en.html
URL: http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3298-en.html
Shahrekord University , Mkhani7@yahoo.com
Abstract: (871 Views)
Introduction
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is the most famous species of Oleaceae family that has edible fruits. The olive tree has a tendency to alternate bearing, leading often to the production of massive fruit yield in one year (on) and a very low fruit yield in the next year (off). Knowing the changes of nutrients in different stages of olive fruit growth and development in the “on” and “off” years provides the possibility of timely and correct application of fertilizers. This research was conducted in order to investigate the changes in the concentration of mineral elements, starch, and protein of olive fruit in the on and off-years.
Materials and Methods
This research was carried out in the years 2018-2019 at Olive Dalaho Research Station in 2018 and 2019 at Dalahu Olive Research Station in Kermanshah (Lat. 32° 30´ N, Long. 45° 51´, Alt. 560 m.), west of Iran. The experiment was carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications and three local olive varieties, namely Deira, Zagros and Meshkat. All tested 11-year-old trees were under similar conditions in terms of pruning, drip irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease control. Measurement were carried out on N, P, K, Zn, B, starch, and protein in young leaves, fruits, old leaves, and roots from the time of kernel hardening (in early June) until fruit ripening (in mid-November) every 40 days using both "on" and "off" year trees. The samples included 20 broad leaves from the middle part of one-year-old and newly-formed vegetative branches, the growing fruits of the current year, and the feeding roots of 30 cm depth under the canopy of the tree crown. Measurements on potassium concentration were made by a flame photometer (model PFP7 made by JENWAY, England), phosphorus by colorimetric method using spectrophotometer, nitrogen and protein by Kjeldahl method, boron and zinc elements using an atomic absorption device (Perking Elmer model 31/40). Starch concentration of the dry matter was measured by Morley's method.
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Considering the observed changes in the concentration of mineral elements in the leaves and fruits according to the fruit growth pattern, especially in the spring, soil application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in January (before flowering), foliar spraying of nitrogen, potassium, zinc, and boron in June (after fruit set) and nitrogen and potassium amendments in August (after endocarp hardening) is recommended for the olive orchards of the studied region.
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is the most famous species of Oleaceae family that has edible fruits. The olive tree has a tendency to alternate bearing, leading often to the production of massive fruit yield in one year (on) and a very low fruit yield in the next year (off). Knowing the changes of nutrients in different stages of olive fruit growth and development in the “on” and “off” years provides the possibility of timely and correct application of fertilizers. This research was conducted in order to investigate the changes in the concentration of mineral elements, starch, and protein of olive fruit in the on and off-years.
Materials and Methods
This research was carried out in the years 2018-2019 at Olive Dalaho Research Station in 2018 and 2019 at Dalahu Olive Research Station in Kermanshah (Lat. 32° 30´ N, Long. 45° 51´, Alt. 560 m.), west of Iran. The experiment was carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications and three local olive varieties, namely Deira, Zagros and Meshkat. All tested 11-year-old trees were under similar conditions in terms of pruning, drip irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease control. Measurement were carried out on N, P, K, Zn, B, starch, and protein in young leaves, fruits, old leaves, and roots from the time of kernel hardening (in early June) until fruit ripening (in mid-November) every 40 days using both "on" and "off" year trees. The samples included 20 broad leaves from the middle part of one-year-old and newly-formed vegetative branches, the growing fruits of the current year, and the feeding roots of 30 cm depth under the canopy of the tree crown. Measurements on potassium concentration were made by a flame photometer (model PFP7 made by JENWAY, England), phosphorus by colorimetric method using spectrophotometer, nitrogen and protein by Kjeldahl method, boron and zinc elements using an atomic absorption device (Perking Elmer model 31/40). Starch concentration of the dry matter was measured by Morley's method.
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Considering the observed changes in the concentration of mineral elements in the leaves and fruits according to the fruit growth pattern, especially in the spring, soil application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in January (before flowering), foliar spraying of nitrogen, potassium, zinc, and boron in June (after fruit set) and nitrogen and potassium amendments in August (after endocarp hardening) is recommended for the olive orchards of the studied region.
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